Journal ArticleDOI
Aqueous Ammonia Equilibrium Calculations: Effect of pH and Temperature
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TLDR
A critical evaluation of the literature data on the ammonia–water equilibrium system has been carried out and results of calculations of values of pKa at different temperatures and of percent of NH3 in aqueous ammonia solutions of zero salinity as a function of pH and temperature are presented.Abstract:
The toxicity of ammonia to fishes has been attributed to the un-ionized ammonia chemical species present in aqueous solution Because the percent of total ammonia present as un-ionized ammonia (NH3) is so dependent upon pH and temperature, an exact understanding of the aqueous ammonia equilibrium is important for toxicity studies A critical evaluation of the literature data on the ammonia–water equilibrium system has been carried out Results of calculations of values of pKa at different temperatures and of percent of NH3 in aqueous ammonia solutions of zero salinity as a function of pH and temperature are presentedread more
Citations
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Dissertation
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Acidic dissociation constant of ammonium ion at 0 to 50 C, and the base strength of ammonia
Journal ArticleDOI
The Percent Un-Ionized Ammonia in Aqueous Ammonia Solutions at Different pH Levels and Temperatures
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the un-ionized ammonia molecule and not the ammonium ion is the form of the toxicant harmful to fish, and the amount of unionised ammonia in the water was quantified.