Journal ArticleDOI
Aqueous Ammonia Equilibrium Calculations: Effect of pH and Temperature
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A critical evaluation of the literature data on the ammonia–water equilibrium system has been carried out and results of calculations of values of pKa at different temperatures and of percent of NH3 in aqueous ammonia solutions of zero salinity as a function of pH and temperature are presented.Abstract:
The toxicity of ammonia to fishes has been attributed to the un-ionized ammonia chemical species present in aqueous solution Because the percent of total ammonia present as un-ionized ammonia (NH3) is so dependent upon pH and temperature, an exact understanding of the aqueous ammonia equilibrium is important for toxicity studies A critical evaluation of the literature data on the ammonia–water equilibrium system has been carried out Results of calculations of values of pKa at different temperatures and of percent of NH3 in aqueous ammonia solutions of zero salinity as a function of pH and temperature are presentedread more
Citations
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Changes in the selected hematological parameters and gill Na+/K+ ATPase activity of juvenile crucian carp Carassius auratus during elevated ammonia exposure and the post-exposure recovery.
TL;DR: Results showed sub-lethal ammonia significantly deters growth and a 15-day recovery period was not sufficient for the fish to compensate for the loss of growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
SIMS WASTE-AD - A modelling framework for the environmental assessment of agricultural waste management strategies: Anaerobic digestion.
TL;DR: A new model for AD (SIMSWASTE-AD) is described in full and tested against a selection of available measured data, reflecting the model capability to predict biogas production and N mineralization under a range of substrate mixtures and operational conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrification in Kochi backwaters
TL;DR: In this paper, Nitrification rates were measured in Kochi backwaters during three seasons, and it was shown that ammonification is more regulated by renewal rates, rather than by in situ concentrations, of substrate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Waterflow requirements for salmonids in single-pass and semi-closed land-based seawater and freshwater systems
TL;DR: Simulations show the value of semi-closed seawater and freshwater systems in further reducing waterflow requirements and the relative importance of water temperature, the threshold level of unionized ammonia and salinity, and the influences resulting in minimum flow rates elucidated.
Journal ArticleDOI
The pathology of chronic ammonia toxicity in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson
Pierre Y. Daoust,H. W. Ferguson +1 more
TL;DR: Questions are raised about the precise role of ammonia in the production of gill diseases in intensively cultured trout after several fish exposed to the higher concentration soon developed clinical signs suggestive of a neurological dysfunction but subsequently recovered.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Acidic dissociation constant of ammonium ion at 0 to 50 C, and the base strength of ammonia
Journal ArticleDOI
The Percent Un-Ionized Ammonia in Aqueous Ammonia Solutions at Different pH Levels and Temperatures
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the un-ionized ammonia molecule and not the ammonium ion is the form of the toxicant harmful to fish, and the amount of unionised ammonia in the water was quantified.