Assessing Suppression in Amblyopic Children With a Dichoptic Eye Chart.
Eileen E. Birch,Sarah E. Morale,Reed M. Jost,Angie De La Cruz,Krista R. Kelly,Yi-Zhong Wang,Peter J. Bex +6 more
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S Severity of suppression can be monitored as part of a routine clinical exam in the management of amblyopia in children.Abstract:
Purpose Suppression has a key role in the etiology of amblyopia, and contrast-balanced binocular treatment can overcome suppression and improve visual acuity. Quantitative assessment of suppression could have a role in managing amblyopia. We describe a novel eye chart to assess suppression in children. Methods We enrolled 100 children (7-12 years; 63 amblyopic, 25 nonamblyopic with strabismus or anisometropia, 12 controls) in the primary cohort and 22 children (3-6 years; 13 amblyopic, 9 nonamblyopic) in a secondary cohort. Letters were presented on a dichoptic display (5 letters per line). Children wore polarized glasses so that each eye saw a different letter chart. At each position, the identity of the letter and its contrast on each eye's chart differed. Children read 8 lines of letters for each of 3 letter sizes. The contrast balance ratio was the ratio at which 50% of letters seen by the amblyopic eye were reported. Results Amblyopic children had significantly higher contrast balance ratios for all letter sizes compared to nonamblyopic children and controls, requiring 4.6 to 5.6 times more contrast in the amblyopic eye compared to the fellow eye (P < 0.0001). Amblyopic eye visual acuity was correlated with contrast balance ratio (r ranged from 0.49-0.57 for the 3 letter sizes). Change in visual acuity with amblyopia treatment was correlated with change in contrast balance ratio (r ranged from 0.43-0.62 for the 3 letter sizes). Conclusions Severity of suppression can be monitored as part of a routine clinical exam in the management of amblyopia in children.read more
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Binocular iPad Game vs Patching for Treatment of Amblyopia in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
TL;DR: A binocular iPad game was effective in treating childhood amblyopia and was more efficacious than patching at the 2-week visit, and improvement in amblyopic eye best-corrected visual acuity was greater with the binocular game compared with patching after 2 weeks of treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Binocular Outcomes Following Binocular Treatment for Childhood Amblyopia.
Krista R. Kelly,Reed M. Jost,Yi-Zhong Wang,Lori Dao,Cynthia L. Beauchamp,Joel N. Leffler,Eileen E. Birch +6 more
TL;DR: After 2 weeks, binocular treatment in amblyopic children improved visual acuity and binocular outcomes, reducing the extent and depth of suppression and improving stereoacuity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Slow reading in children with anisometropic amblyopia is associated with fixation instability and increased saccades.
Krista R. Kelly,Reed M. Jost,Angie De La Cruz,Lori Dao,Cynthia L. Beauchamp,David R. Stager,Eileen E. Birch +6 more
TL;DR: Slow reading in school-age children with anisometropic amblyopia is related to increased frequency of saccades and fixation instability of the fellow eye, which should consider the effects of slower reading on academic performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Binocular amblyopia treatment with contrast-rebalanced movies
Eileen E. Birch,Reed M. Jost,Angie De La Cruz,Krista R. Kelly,Cynthia L. Beauchamp,Lori Dao,David R. Stager,Joel N. Leffler +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated a passive form of binocular treatment with contrast-rebalanced dichoptic movies and found that passive viewing of these movies effectively improved visual acuity in amblyopic subjects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optical treatment of amblyopia in older children and adults is essential prior to enrolment in a clinical trial.
Tina Y. Gao,Nicola Anstice,Raiju J. Babu,Joanna Black,William R. Bobier,Shuan Dai,Cindy X. Guo,Robert F. Hess,Michelle Jenkins,Yannan Jiang,Lisa S. Kearns,Lionel Kowal,Carly S.Y. Lam,Peter C. K. Pang,Varsha Parag,Jayshree South,Sandra E Staffieri,Angela Wadham,Natalie Walker,Benjamin Thompson,Benjamin Thompson +20 more
TL;DR: Clinical trials investigating additional amblyopia therapies (such as patching or videogames) for children require a preceding optical treatment phase, because optical treatment alone can improve visual acuity in children with amblyopic.
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