Showing papers in "Vision Research in 2015"

TL;DR: These results show that subretinal implants can restore very-low-vision or low vision in blind (light perception or less) patients with end-stage hereditary retinal degenerations.

TL;DR: A review of the literature suggests that this impairment may have a substantial impact on visuomotor tasks, difficulties in playing sports in children and locomoting safely in older adults as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: This work finds that intrinsic differences in memorability exist at a finer-grained scale than previously documented and proposes an information-theoretic model of image distinctiveness that can automatically predict how changes in context change the memorability of natural images.

TL;DR: The therapeutic effects of binocular therapy and non-invasive brain stimulation are interpreted in the context of three potential neural mechanisms; active inhibition of signals from the amblyopic eye, attenuation of information from the ambush eye and metaplasticity of synaptic long term potentiation and long term depression.

TL;DR: The proposed framework to predict visual scanpaths of observers while they freely watch a visual scene is a new framework inferred from bottom-up saliency and several oculomotor biases and computing saliency maps from simulated visual scan paths allows to outperform existing saliency models.

TL;DR: This novel video game, which combines action gaming, perceptual learning and dichoptic presentation, results in VA improvements equivalent to those previously documented with each of these techniques alone, suggesting that this approach has promise for the treatment of adult amblyopia.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the original propositions of Levelt's monograph are not completely compatible with what is known today, but that they can, in a straightforward way, be modified to encapsulate the progress that has been made over the past fifty years.

TL;DR: This review describes the main strands of research on gloss, tracking the changes in approach and theory which have triggered new avenues of research, to the current state of knowledge.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the affective material properties of wood are at least partly represented in a supramodal fashion and suggest an association between perceptual and affective properties, which will be a useful tool not only in science, but also in applied fields.

TL;DR: It is shown that higher curiosity was associated with earlier anticipatory orienting of gaze toward the answer location without changes in other metrics of saccades or fixations, and that these influences were distinct from those produced by variations in confidence and surprise.

TL;DR: A high-level examination of challenges in computational modeling of visual saliency, with a heavy emphasis on human vision and neural computation and the importance of issues relevant to all saliency models including scale-space, the impact of border effects, and spatial or central bias.

TL;DR: It is argued that a fundamental challenge for the future is to understand how visual information about target location is integrated with other streams of information, during movement execution, to estimate the state of the body and the environment in order to ensure optimal motor performance.

TL;DR: This paper reviews experimental research on the control of locomotion and manual actions and concludes that the strong model-based hypothesis is not sustainable, and proposes a hybrid solution that combines on-line control with weak off-line strategies.

TL;DR: In general, the characteristics of fixational eye movements are not significantly different between the fellow eyes of amblyopes and controls, and that the strabismic amblyopic eyes are always different from the other groups.

TL;DR: A simple measure based on first principles of efficient coding and human visual sensitivity explained more variance than previously published algorithms and is offered as a tool for designers rather than as a simulation of the biological processes involved.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that recording of the corneal electric potential in response to patterned illumination of the subretinal arrays allows monitoring the current produced by each pixel, and thereby assessing the changes in the implant performance over time.

TL;DR: New algorithms for multi-fixation pattern analysis are introduced, and they are used to argue that people have scanpath routines for judging faces, and that these are diagnostic of that subject, but that at least for the tasks used, subjects do not converge on the same "ideal" scanpath pattern.

TL;DR: This paper provides some examples of operationalizing and benchmarking different visual attention tasks, along with the relevant design considerations, and discusses the need to integrate the computational models with the data.

TL;DR: The GWAS, using data from 988 participants, yielded one genetic association that passed a permutation test for significance: the variant rs1022907 in the gene VTI1A was associated with self-reported ability to see autostereograms.

TL;DR: This work proposes to use object-based models that take a preferred viewing location close to the centre of objects into account and demonstrates that, when including this comparably subtle modification, object- based models again are at par with state-of-the-art salience models in predicting fixations in natural scenes.

TL;DR: It is shown that human observers can recognize liquids and their viscosities solely from image motion information, and the results show the brain exploits a wide range of motion statistics to identify non-solid materials.

TL;DR: It is argued that the ability to suppress information is a fundamental neural process that applies not only to perception but also to cognition in general, and recent research that shows individual differences in spatial suppression of motion signals strongly predict individual variations in IQ scores is discussed.

TL;DR: The limitation of current models of multisensory integration in light of these asynchronous processing delays is discussed, and it is suggested that understanding how the brain performs real-time multisENSory integration is an open question for future studies.

TL;DR: The foundations of the theory of visual attention (TVA), which represents a mathematical formalization of the biased competition principle, are reviewed and the neural interpretation of TVA, NTVA, is presented.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that while online correction mechanisms strongly depend on the activity of a parieto-frontal network of which the posterior parietal cortex is a crucial node, these mechanisms proceed smoothly and are similar to what is observed during simple point-to-point movements.

TL;DR: This review focuses on current compliance knowledge and the impact it has on patching and atropine amblyopia treatment.

TL;DR: It is inferred that outer retina summation is important for rapidly controlling pupil diameter in response to short timescale fluctuations in illumination and may occur at two potential sites, one that is presynaptic to extrinsic photoreceptor input to ipR GCs, or another within the pupil control pathway if ipRGCs have differential temporal tuning to extrINSic and intrinsic signalling.

TL;DR: This article found that dichoptic training significantly improved contrast sensitivity (CS) across all spatial frequencies tested for both groups of adults with amblyopia and showed that training was combined with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the visual cortex.

TL;DR: Patients with amblyopia exhibited increased mean diffusivity in thalamo-cortical visual pathways, suggesting that amblyopy may systematically alter the white matter properties of early visual pathways.

TL;DR: The idea that under monocular viewing conditions, only signals from neurons dominated by - rather than driven by - the open eye might be used reduces the proportion of neurons available from the amblyopic eye, and amplifies the interocular difference observed at the level of single neurons.