Autism medical comorbidities.
TLDR
The most common GI problems observed in children with ASD are chronic constipation, chronic diarrhoea, gastroesophageal reflux and/or disease, nausea and or vomiting, flatulence, chronic bloating, abdominal discomfort, ulcers, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, food intolerance, and failure to thrive.Abstract:
Medical comorbidities are more common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than in the general population. Some genetic disorders are more common in children with ASD such as Fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, neurofibromatosis type I, and tuberous sclerosis complex. Children with autism are also more prone to a variety of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, macrocephaly, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, migraine/headaches, and congenital abnormalities of the nervous system. Besides, sleep disorders are a significant problem in individuals with autism, occurring in about 80% of them. Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are significantly more common in children with ASD; they occur in 46% to 84% of them. The most common GI problems observed in children with ASD are chronic constipation, chronic diarrhoea, gastroesophageal reflux and/or disease, nausea and/or vomiting, flatulence, chronic bloating, abdominal discomfort, ulcers, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, food intolerance, and/or failure to thrive. Several categories of inborn-errors of metabolism have been observed in some patients with autism including mitochondrial disorders, disorders of creatine metabolism, selected amino acid disorders, disorders of folate or B12 metabolism, and selected lysosomal storage disorders. A significant proportion of children with ASD have evidence of persistent neuroinflammation, altered inflammatory responses, and immune abnormalities. Anti-brain antibodies may play an important pathoplastic mechanism in autism. Allergic disorders are significantly more common in individuals with ASD from all age groups. They influence the development and severity of symptoms. They could cause problematic behaviours in at least a significant subset of affected children. Therefore, it is important to consider the child with autism as a whole and not overlook possible symptoms as part of autism. The physician should rule out the presence of a medical condition before moving on to other interventions or therapies. Children who enjoy good health have a better chance of learning. This can apply to all children including those with autism.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications
TL;DR: The role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders, including autism, coeliac disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, helicobacter pylori infection, functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood, inflammatory bowel diseases, and many other gastrointestinal disorders are shed.
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Impact of parental rheumatoid arthritis on risk of autism spectrum disorders in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Cheuk-Kwan Sun,Yu-Shian Cheng,I-Wen Chen,Hsien-Jane Chiu,Weilun Chung,Ruu-Fen Tzang,Hsin-yi Fan,Chia-Wei Lee,Kuo-Chuan Hung +8 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the association of risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with both maternal and paternal rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and found a significant association between maternal RA and the risk of ASD (OR = 1.246, p < 0.001, 10 studies).
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Selective Probiotic Treatment Positively Modulates the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in the BTBR Mouse Model of Autism
Angela Pochakom,Chunlong Mu,Jong M. Rho,Thomas A. Tompkins,Shyamchand Singh Mayengbam,J.C. Shearer +5 more
TL;DR: Results show Lr to impart positive changes along the microbiota–gut–brain axis, exhibiting beneficial effects on selected behaviour, gut microbial diversity, and metabolism in BTBR mice.
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Increased Monocyte Production of IL-6 after Toll-like Receptor Activation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Is Associated with Repetitive and Restricted Behaviors
TL;DR: Findings suggest dysfunctional activation of myeloid cells in ASD, and may indicate that other cells of this lineage, including macrophages, and microglia in the brain, might have a similar dysfunction.
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Neuronal Cell Adhesion Molecules May Mediate Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder
TL;DR: Evidence of a neuronal CAM regulatory role in inflammatory signaling is highlighted, which warrants further investigation into the role other neuronal CAM family members may have in mediating inflammatory cascades and would advance the understanding of how neuroinflammation can contribute to ASD pathology.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: Evidence supports the notion that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with autism spectrum disorders, and suggests children with ASD have a spectrum of mitochondrial dysfunction of differing severity.
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Comorbid psychopathology with autism spectrum disorder in children: an overview.
TL;DR: This review addresses specific variables in diagnosis and classification of comorbid symptoms, and proposes potential avenues for research and practice with respect to differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.
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Epilepsy in Autism is Associated with Intellectual Disability and Gender: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis
Claire Amiet,Isabelle Gourfinkel-An,Anissa Bouzamondo,Sylvie Tordjman,Michel Baulac,Philippe Lechat,Laurent Mottron,David Cohen +7 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that risk for epilepsy in autism is a function of ID severity and distinguishes autism associated with epilepsy as a subgroup of autism by its male-female ratio.
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Sleep Behaviors and Sleep Quality in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Margaret C. Souders,Thorton B. A. Mason,Otto Valladares,Maja Bucan,Susan E. Levy,David S. Mandell,Terri E. Weaver,Jennifer Pinto-Martin +7 more
TL;DR: The prevalence estimate of 66% for moderate sleep disturbances in the ASD cohort underscores the significant sleep problems that the families of these children face and highlights pediatric sleep debt as a public health problem of concern.
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Gastrointestinal Problems in Children with Autism, Developmental Delays or Typical Development.
TL;DR: Frequent GI problems affect young children with ASD and DD more commonly than those with TD, andMaladaptive behaviors correlate with GI problems, suggesting these comorbidities require attention.