Journal ArticleDOI
Bimorph mirrors: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Simon G. Alcock,John P. Sutter,Kawal Sawhney,David R. Hall,Katherine McAuley,Thomas Sorensen +5 more
TLDR
In this paper, three pairs of bimorph mirrors were re-polished at Thales-SESO to remove the junction effect and significantly improved beamline performance, and the results showed that the internal structure of the mirrors will retain their surface quality, and remain operational for many years.Abstract:
Bimorph mirrors are widely used by the X-ray, Laser, Space, and Astronomy communities to focus or collimate photon beams. Applying voltages to the embedded piezo ceramics enables the user to globally bend the optical substrate to a range of figures (including cylindrical, parabolic, and elliptical), and finely correct low spatial frequency errors, thus improving optical performance. Bimorph mirrors are employed on numerous synchrotron X-ray beamlines, including several at Diamond Light Source. However, many such beamlines were not achieving the desired size and shape of the reflected X-ray beam. Metrology data from ex-situ, slope measuring profilometry (using the Diamond-NOM) and in-situ, synchrotron X-ray “pencil-beam” scans, revealed sharp defects on the optical substrate directly above the locations at which the piezo ceramics are bonded together. This so-called “junction effect” has been observed on a variety of bimorph mirrors with different numbers of piezos, substrate length, and thickness. To repair this damage, three pairs of bimorph mirrors were re-polished at Thales-SESO. We review the re-polishing process, and show that it successfully removed the junction effect, and significantly improved beamline performance. Since the internal structure of the bimorph mirrors was not modified during re-polishing, it is hoped that the mirrors will retain their surface quality, and remain operational for many years. We also highlight the combination of super-polishing techniques with bimorph technology to create the “Ultimate” mirror, and discuss a next generation, bimorph mirror which is predicted not to suffer from the junction effect.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Optics for concentrating photovoltaics: Trends, limits and opportunities for materials and design
TL;DR: In this article, a review of different types of concentration photovoltaic (CPV) systems, their various design advantages and limitations, and noticeable trends is presented. But the focus of this review is on the optical properties of the concentrators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of a next-generation piezo bimorph X-ray mirror for synchrotron beamlines
Simon G. Alcock,Ioana Nistea,John P. Sutter,Kawal Sawhney,Jean Jacques Fermé,Christophe Thellièr,L. Peverini +6 more
TL;DR: A next-generation bimorph mirror with piezos bonded to the side faces of a monolithic substrate was created and significantly improved the size and shape of the reflected synchrotron X-ray beam.
Journal ArticleDOI
I22: SAXS/WAXS beamline at Diamond Light Source - an overview of 10 years operation.
Andrew J. Smith,Simon G. Alcock,L.S. Davidson,J.H. Emmins,J.C. Hiller Bardsley,P. Holloway,M. Malfois,A.R. Marshall,Claire Pizzey,Sarah E. Rogers,Olga Shebanova,Tim Snow,John P. Sutter,E.P. Williams,Nicholas J. Terrill +14 more
TL;DR: Beamline I22 at Diamond Light Source as mentioned in this paper is dedicated to the study of soft-matter systems from both biological and materials science, and it can operate in the range 3.7
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic adaptive X-ray optics. Part II. High-speed piezoelectric bimorph deformable Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors for rapid variation of the 2D size and shape of X-ray beams
Simon G. Alcock,Ioana Nistea,Riccardo Signorato,Robin L. Owen,D. Axford,John P. Sutter,Andrew Foster,Kawal Sawhney +7 more
TL;DR: This is the first simultaneous high-speed beamline operation of a pair of piezoelectric bimorph deformable Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors for the rapid and repeatable change and stabilization of the vertical and horizontal size of a synchrotron X-ray beam within only a few seconds.
Journal ArticleDOI
High dynamic range thermally actuated bimorph mirror for gravitational wave detectors.
H. Cao,A. F. Brooks,S. W. S. Ng,David J. Ottaway,A. Perreca,Jonathan Richardson,Aria Chaderjian,P. J. Veitch +7 more
TL;DR: A low-cost thermally actuated bimorph mirror with 200 mD linear response is described, which meets dynamic range and low aberration requirements for the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) upgrade.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Diamond-NOM: A non-contact profiler capable of characterizing optical figure error with sub-nanometre repeatability
Simon G. Alcock,Kawal Sawhney,Stewart Scott,U. Pedersen,Rob Walton,Frank Siewert,Thomas Zeschke,F. Senf,T. Noll,Heiner Lammert +9 more
TL;DR: Diamond-NOM as discussed by the authors is a non-contact profiler capable of measuring the surface topography of large (up to 1500mm long) and heavy optical assemblies with sub-nanometre resolution and repeatability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multi-segmented piezoelectric mirrors as active/adaptive optics components
TL;DR: Adaptive compensation for low-frequency figure errors was shown to be easy and reliable and fully UHV compatible and is now installed in the monochromatic section of the ESRF beamlines ID26 and ID32.
Journal ArticleDOI
In situ beamline analysis and correction of active optics
TL;DR: In this article, an automated procedure has been implemented to calculate the actuator settings that optimize its figure for an active mirror, and application of the optimization procedure to another mechanically bent mirror led to an improvement of its sag compensation mechanism.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
A Novel Adaptive Bimorph Focusing Mirror and Wavefront Corrector with Sub-Nanometre Dynamical Figure Control
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a novel adaptive X-ray optic by bringing together bimorph adaptive technology and the novel Elastic Emission Machining "super-polishing" technique.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Automated in-situ optimization of bimorph mirrors at Diamond Light Source
TL;DR: In this article, a pencil beam measurement is used to determine a Bimorph active mirror's slope errors and these data are then used by automated scripts to calculate the necessary corrections.