Biology and management of pancreatic cancer
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TLDR
A more sophisticated approach to palliative care and the centralisation of pancreatic cancer services is leading to greater tumour resection rates and newer adjuvant modalities are also greatly increasing the 5 year survival rates.Abstract:
Pancreatic cancer continues to pose an enormous challenge to clinicians and cancer scientists. With a more affluent world the global incidence of pancreatic cancer is rising. For the first time significant advances are now being made into the management of the disease. There is a more sophisticated approach to palliative care and the centralisation of pancreatic cancer services is leading to greater tumour resection rates. Newer adjuvant modalities are also greatly increasing the 5 year survival rates. The molecular basis of pancreatic cancer is now better understood than ever before, leading to the development of new diagnostic approaches and the introduction of mechanistic based treatments. Technical advances in imaging and great improvements in conventional and molecular pathology have led to a deeper understanding of the pathological variables of the disease. This is now an important time for making big inroads into what still remains the most lethal of the common cancers.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the most difficult cancers to treat. It is the commonest cancer affecting the exocrine pancreas. In 2000, there were 217 000 new cases of pancreatic cancer and 213 000 deaths world wide and in Europe 60 139 new patients (10.4% of all digestive tract cancers) and 64 801 deaths.1 In 2002 there were 7152 new cases in the UK, with similar numbers in men and women.2 In the USA in 2006 there were 33 730 new cases and 32 300 deaths.3 Without active treatment, metastatic pancreatic cancer has a median survival of 3–5 months and 6–10 months for locally advanced disease, which increases to around 11–15 months with resectional surgery.4 The late presentation and aggressive tumour biology of this disease mean that only a minority (10–15%) of patients can undergo potentially curative surgery. Major advances in the past decade …read more
Citations
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Ductal pancreatic cancer modeling and drug screening using human pluripotent stem cell– and patient-derived tumor organoids
Ling Huang,Audrey Holtzinger,Ishaan Jagan,Michael Begora,Ines Lohse,Nicholas Ngai,Cristina Nostro,Rennian Wang,Lakshmi Muthuswamy,Howard C. Crawford,Cheryl H. Arrowsmith,Cheryl H. Arrowsmith,Steve E. Kalloger,Daniel J. Renouf,Ashton A. Connor,Sean P. Cleary,David F. Schaeffer,David F. Schaeffer,Michael H.A. Roehrl,Ming-Sound Tsao,Steven Gallinger,Gordon Keller,Senthil K. Muthuswamy +22 more
TL;DR: Pancreatic progenitor organoids and tumor organoids can be used to model PDAC and for drug screening to identify precision therapy strategies.
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Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells
TL;DR: Understanding the biologic behavior and the molecular pathways that regulate growth, survival, and metastasis of pancreatic CSCs will help to identify novel therapeutic approaches to treat this dismal disease.
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Analysis of mortality rates for pancreatic cancer across the world
TL;DR: The changes perhaps reflect standardization and consolidation of diagnostic tests for pancreatic cancer in the Western world and further in-depth analysis would be required.
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Chemophototherapy: An Emerging Treatment Option for Solid Tumors.
TL;DR: Near infrared (NIR) light penetrates human tissues with limited depth, thereby providing a method to safely deliver non‐ionizing radiation to well‐defined target tissue volumes and improving drug bioavailability with superior efficacy.
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Tumor markers in pancreatic cancer: a European Group on Tumor Markers (EGTM) status report
Michael J. Duffy,Catharine M. Sturgeon,Rolf Lamerz,Caj Haglund,V.L. Holubec,R. Klapdor,Andrea Nicolini,O. Topolcan,V. Heinemann +8 more
TL;DR: In patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, presurgical and postresection CA 19-9 levels correlate with overall survival and thus may be combined with other factors for risk stratification, and most, but not all, reports indicate that serial levels of CA19-9 correlate with response to systemic therapy.
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