Brake wear particle emissions: a review
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TLDR
The aim of the present literature review study is to present the state-of-the-art of the different aspects regarding PM resulting from brake wear and provide all the necessary information in terms of importance, physicochemical characteristics, emission factors and possible health effects.Abstract:
Traffic-related sources have been recognized as a significant contributor of particulate matter particularly within major cities. Exhaust and non-exhaust traffic-related sources are estimated to contribute almost equally to traffic-related PM10 emissions. Non-exhaust particles can be generated either from non-exhaust sources such as brake, tyre, clutch and road surface wear or already exist in the form of deposited material at the roadside and become resuspended due to traffic-induced turbulence. Among non-exhaust sources, brake wear can be a significant particulate matter (PM) contributor, particularly within areas with high traffic density and braking frequency. Studies mention that in urban environments, brake wear can contribute up to 55 % by mass to total non-exhaust traffic-related PM10 emissions and up to 21 % by mass to total traffic-related PM10 emissions, while in freeways, this contribution is lower due to lower braking frequency. As exhaust emissions control become stricter, relative contributions of non-exhaust sources—and therefore brake wear—to traffic-related emissions will become more significant and will raise discussions on possible regulatory needs. The aim of the present literature review study is to present the state-of-the-art of the different aspects regarding PM resulting from brake wear and provide all the necessary information in terms of importance, physicochemical characteristics, emission factors and possible health effects.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of Particle Number Setups for Measuring Brake Particle Emissions and Comparison with Exhaust Setups
Theodoros Grigoratos,Athanasios Mamakos,Michael Arndt,Dmytro Lugovyy,Robert C. Anderson,Christian Hafenmayer,Mikko Moisio,Joonas Vanhanen,Richard W. Frazee,Carlos Agudelo,Barouch Giechaskiel +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of particle losses on the differences between different setups for typical size distributions observed during brake testing was investigated and compared to those of exhaust particle number (PN) measurements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Artificial ultra-fine aerosol tracers for highway transect studies
Thomas A. Cahill,David E. Barnes,Leann Wuest,David H. Gribble,David Buscho,Roger Miller,Camille De la Croix +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, highway safety flares on vehicles in traffic can provide very fine and ultra-fine aerosols of unique composition that can be detected quantitatively far downwind of roadways due to a lack of upwind interferences.
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Can Wear Completely Suppress Thermoelastic Instabilities
TL;DR: In this article, the role of wear in TEI has been studied briefly and only on highly idealized cases, and it was shown that wear can be used to reduce or suppress TEI.
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Characterization of brake particles emitted from non-asbestos organic and low-metallic brake pads under normal and harsh braking conditions
TL;DR: In this article , the physicochemical characteristics of micro-and nano-sized brake particles emitted from non-asbestos organic (NAO) and low-metallic (LM) brake pads were investigated under normal and harsh braking conditions using a brake dynamometer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Associations between PM2.5 metal components and QT interval length in the Normative Aging Study.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the association between specific PM2.5 metal components and QT interval length and found consistent results with higher lead (Pb) associated with significant higher QTc intervals for both the multi-pollutant and the two pollutant (PM 2.5 component) models across the moving averages.
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Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: A review
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