Brake wear particle emissions: a review
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TLDR
The aim of the present literature review study is to present the state-of-the-art of the different aspects regarding PM resulting from brake wear and provide all the necessary information in terms of importance, physicochemical characteristics, emission factors and possible health effects.Abstract:
Traffic-related sources have been recognized as a significant contributor of particulate matter particularly within major cities. Exhaust and non-exhaust traffic-related sources are estimated to contribute almost equally to traffic-related PM10 emissions. Non-exhaust particles can be generated either from non-exhaust sources such as brake, tyre, clutch and road surface wear or already exist in the form of deposited material at the roadside and become resuspended due to traffic-induced turbulence. Among non-exhaust sources, brake wear can be a significant particulate matter (PM) contributor, particularly within areas with high traffic density and braking frequency. Studies mention that in urban environments, brake wear can contribute up to 55 % by mass to total non-exhaust traffic-related PM10 emissions and up to 21 % by mass to total traffic-related PM10 emissions, while in freeways, this contribution is lower due to lower braking frequency. As exhaust emissions control become stricter, relative contributions of non-exhaust sources—and therefore brake wear—to traffic-related emissions will become more significant and will raise discussions on possible regulatory needs. The aim of the present literature review study is to present the state-of-the-art of the different aspects regarding PM resulting from brake wear and provide all the necessary information in terms of importance, physicochemical characteristics, emission factors and possible health effects.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Long-Term Assessment of Air Quality and Identification of Aerosol Sources at Setúbal, Portugal.
Alexandra Viana Silva,Cristina M. Oliveira,Nuno Canha,Nuno Canha,Ana Isabel Miranda,Susana Marta Almeida +5 more
TL;DR: The air quality has been improving over the years with a decreasing trend of air pollutant concentration, with the exception of O3, but levels of PM10, O3 and nitrogen oxides still do not fully comply with the requirements of European legislation and the guideline values of the World Health Organization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Copper-dependent biological effects of particulate matter produced by brake systems on lung alveolar cells
Marina Figliuzzi,Matteo Tironi,Lorena Longaretti,Alessandro Mancini,Federico Teoldi,Fabio Sangalli,Andrea Remuzzi +6 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that the toxicity of PM2.5 from the brake system is mainly related to Cu content, thus confirming that eliminating Cu from brake pads will be beneficial for human health in urbanized environments.
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Vehicular Emission: Estimate of Air Pollutants to Guide Local Political Choices. A Case Study
TL;DR: In this article, a case study on vehicle traffic pollution in Calabria, a region in the south of Italy, was conducted using the software Copert4 (Computer Program to calculate Emission from Road Traffic).
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Testing of Alternative Disc Brakes and Friction Materials Regarding Brake Wear Particle Emissions and Temperature Behavior
David Hesse,Christopher Hamatschek,Klaus Augsburg,Thomas Weigelt,Alexander Prahst,Sebastian Gramstat +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, different disc brakes and friction materials are evaluated with respect to particle emission output and characteristic features are derived using an inertia dynamometer using a constant volume sampling system, and the results illustrate the challenges associated with establishing a universal bedding procedure and using disc temperature measurements for the control of a representative braking procedure using tungsten carbide coated discs and carbon ceramic discs.
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Concentration trends of metals in ambient air in the UK: a review
TL;DR: Analysis of the sensitivity of measured concentrations to emissions suggests that concentrations have fallen faster than the reduction in emission estimates would have predicted at typical median urban background sites.
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