Journal ArticleDOI
Brake Wear Particulate Matter Emissions
Bhagwan D. Garg,Steven H. Cadle,Patricia A. Mulawa,Peter J. Groblicki,Chris Laroo,Graham A. Parr +5 more
TLDR
In this article, a brake wear study was performed using seven brake pad formulations that were in high volume use in 1998, including semi-metallic brakes, brakes using potassium titanate fibers, and brakes using aramid fibers.Abstract:
Current particulate matter (PM) emission factor models estimate brake wear particulate matter emission rates using data derived from asbestos brakes. However, most brake pads are now produced from nonasbestos materials. Little work has been performed on emissions from brakes using these materials. Therefore, a brake wear study was performed using seven brake pad formulations that were in high volume use in 1998. Included were semi-metallic brakes, brakes using potassium titanate fibers, and brakes using aramid fibers. Brakes were tested on a brake dynamometer under four wear conditions. On average, 35% of the brake pad mass loss was emitted as airborne PM. The observed wear rates correspond to vehicle emission rates of 5.1−14.1 mg/mi. On average, 86 and 63% of the airborne PM was smaller than 10 μm in diameter (PM10) or 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), respectively. The large number of particles observed in some wear tests was attributed to condensation, a process that is highly dependent on dilution condition...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sources and properties of non-exhaust particulate matter from road traffic: a review.
TL;DR: It is concluded that with the exception of brake dust particles which may be identified from their copper (Cu) and antimony (Sb) content, unequivocal identification of particles from other sources is likely to prove extremely difficult, either because of the lack of suitable tracer elements or compounds, or of the interactions between sources prior to the emission process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed and provided a transparent life cycle inventory of conventional and electric vehicles and applied their inventory to assess conventional and EVs over a range of impact categories, including human toxicity, freshwater eco-toxicity, freshwater eutrophication, and metal depletion impacts, largely emanating from the vehicle supply chain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: A review
Pallavi Pant,Roy M. Harrison +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the nature of the particle emissions from road vehicles including both exhaust and non-exhaust (abrasion and re-suspension sources) and briefly reviewed the various methods available for quantification of the road traffic contribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of heavy metal particles embedded in tire dust.
Kouji Adachi,Yoshiaki Tainosho +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that tire dust consists not only of the debris from tire wear but also of assimilated heavy metal particles emitted from road traffic materials such as brake lining and road paint.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metal emissions from road traffic and the influence of resuspension: results from two tunnel studies
TL;DR: In this article, metal emissions from road traffic were studied in two heavily trafficked tunnels in Gothenburg, Sweden, and five runs were made in each tunnel, generally extending over several hours, during which air concentrations of metals in tunnel inlet and outlet, traffic flow and composition and air ventilation were determined.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Composition of light-duty motor vehicle exhaust particulate matter in the denver, colorado area
Steven H. Cadle,Patricia A. Mulawa,Eric C. Hunsanger,Ken Nelson,Ronald A. Ragazzi,Richard Barrett,Gerald L. Gallagher,Douglas R. Lawson,Kenneth T. Knapp,Richard Snow +9 more
TL;DR: A study to characterize particulate matter emissions from 195 in-use gasoline and diesel passenger vehicles was conducted during the summer of 1996 and the winter of 1997 in the Denver, Colorado region as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asbestos brake emissions.
TL;DR: Although brake emissions are responsible for a minor fraction of ambient asbestos levels, there may be a noticeable increase in asbestos levels near high-braking areas such as tollbooths, because of increases in velocity and deceleration rate.