Journal ArticleDOI
Bulk transfer coefficient over a snow surface
Junsei Kondo,Hiromi Yamazawa +1 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the drag coefficient and the bulk transfer coefficient for sensible heat over a flat snow surface were determined experimentally and theoretical considerations reveal that C¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ D¯¯¯¯ depends on the friction velocity u * as well as on the geometrical roughness h of the snow surface.Abstract:
The drag coefficient C
D
and the bulk transfer coefficient for sensible heat C
H
over a flat snow surface were determined experimentally. Theoretical considerations reveal that C
D
depends on the friction velocity u
* as well as on the geometrical roughness h of the snow surface. It is found that C
D
increases with increasing u
* and/or h. The dependency of C
H
on u
* and h is so small that it is possible to consider C
H
as a constant for practical purposes: C
H, 1
= 2.0 × 10−3 for a reference height of 1 m. The bulk transfer coefficient for water vapor is estimated at C
E, 1
= 2.1 × 10−3 for a reference height of 1 m.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Representative roughness parameters for homogeneous terrain
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw up a set of objective requirements for experimental determination of the roughness of homogeneous terrain, particularly with respect to matching of the observation array to a terrain situation with given fetch, blending height and displacement length.
Journal ArticleDOI
A theory for the scalar roughness and the scalar transfer coefficients over snow and sea ice
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a theoretical model that predicts neutral-stability values of CH and CE as functions of the wind speed and a surface roughness parameter, which is used to establish the interfacial sublayer profiles of the scalars, temperature and water vapor, over aerodynamically smooth and rough surfaces.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parameterizing Scalar Transfer over Snow and Ice: A Review
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the profiles of wind speed, temperature, and humidity in the atmospheric surface layer or modeling the turbulent surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat over horizontally homogeneous surfaces of snow or ice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimating Cn 2 over snow and sea ice from meteorological data
TL;DR: In this article, the Bowen ratio is used to estimate the refractive index structure parameter Cn2 from meteorological quantities, including velocity, temperature and humidity scales u*, t*, and q*, and a second based on the routine meteorological quantity Uh, Ts − Th and Qs − Qh.
Journal ArticleDOI
A wind tunnel examination of shear stress partitioning for an assortment of surface roughness distributions
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different spatial arrangements of surface roughness on the partition of average drag forces and distribution of stress at the surface was evaluated in a wind tunnel and point measurements of surface shear stress within the arrays.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Air-sea bulk transfer coefficients in diabatic conditions
TL;DR: In this paper, the bulk transfer coefficients of the sea surface have been estimated based on the Owen-Thomson theory on the transfers of heat and mass between a rough surface and the flow above it.
Journal ArticleDOI
A theory for local evaporation(or heat transfer)from rough and smooth surfaces at ground level.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for evaporation as a molecular diffusion process into a turbulent atmosphere is extended by joining it with the similarity models for turbulent transfer in the surface sublayer.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Roughness Length for Water Vapor Sensible Heat, and Other Scalars.
TL;DR: The roughness length of any scalar admixture depends not only on the nature of the surface but also on the intensity of surface shear stress and on the molecular diffusivity and the viscosity as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Momentum and heat transfers in the surface layer over a frozen sea
TL;DR: In this article, wind and temperature profiles from a 10m mast were measured over the frozen Baltic Sea and the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory applied well to runs carefully selected according to stationarity criteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
The roughness parameters of sea ice
N. Untersteiner,F. I. Badgley +1 more
TL;DR: The influence of the roughness length on calculated fluxes of momentum and matter in the boundary layer is discussed in this article, where it is shown that roughness lengths of arctic sea ice vary greatly around an average of 0.02 cm for upper and 2 cm for lower surface.