Capacity Degradation Mechanisms in Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries
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TLDR
In this article, the authors provide a summary of effective methods to extend Ni/MH cell cycle life through negative electrode formula optimizations and binder selection, positive electrode additives and coatings, electrolyte optimization, cell design, and others.Abstract:
The consistency in capacity degradation in a multi-cell pack (>100 cells) is critical for ensuring long service life for propulsion applications. As the first step of optimizing a battery system design, academic publications regarding the capacity degradation mechanisms and possible solutions for cycled nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) rechargeable batteries under various usage conditions are reviewed. The commonly used analytic methods for determining the failure mode are also presented here. The most common failure mode of a Ni/MH battery is an increase in the cell impedance due to electrolyte dry-out that occurs from venting and active electrode material degradation/disintegration. This work provides a summary of effective methods to extend Ni/MH cell cycle life through negative electrode formula optimizations and binder selection, positive electrode additives and coatings, electrolyte optimization, cell design, and others. Methods of reviving and recycling used/spent batteries are also reviewed.read more
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Reviews on the U.S. Patents Regarding Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries
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References
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Review of the structure and the electrochemistry of nickel hydroxides and oxy-hydroxides
P. Oliva,J. Leonardi,J.F. Laurent,Claude Delmas,J.J. Braconnier,M. Figlarz,F. Fievet,A. de Guibert +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, structural and textural characterization of the phases involved in nickel hydroxide electrodes is discussed with the object of throwing some light on traditionally unexplored features of such electrodes.
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Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties.
TL;DR: This review article summarizes the last few decades of research on nickel hydroxide, an important material in physics and chemistry, that has many applications in engineering including, significantly, batteries.
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Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy of α and β Phases of Thin Nickel Hydroxide Films Electrochemically Formed on Nickel
David S. Hall,David J. Lockwood,Shawn Poirier,Christina Bock,Barry MacDougall,Barry MacDougall +5 more
TL;DR: Methods to measure the phase, or phases, and disorder at a Ni(OH)(2) sample surface and to correlate desired chemical properties to their structural origins are established and unifies the large body of literature on the topic.
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Development of a Pasted Nickel Electrode with High Active Material Utilization
TL;DR: In this article, a high-performance and low-cost pasted nickel electrode made from a metal fiber substrate has been proposed, which exhibits active material utilization close to 100% with an energy density as high as 170mAh/g or 520 mAh/cm/sup 3.
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Nickel Hydroxide as an Active Material for the Positive Electrode in Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries
TL;DR: In this paper, spherical nickel hydroxide powders coprecipitated with the additives Ca(OH,sub 2), Co(OH), Sub 2, and Zn(sub 2) were prepared through a spraying technique and the effects of the additives on electrode properties such as charge-discharge, reversibility of the electrode reaction, and cycle life were studied.
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