Journal ArticleDOI
Catalytic processes in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell systems
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TLDR
In this paper, solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell systems for mobile applications are investigated and catalysts for methanol and hydrocarbon reforming reactions as well as for the shift reaction are reviewed.Abstract:
Industrial application of fuel cell technology requires suitable electrocatalysts. This is true for all different types of fuel cells. These catalysts are responsible for the oxidation of the fuel (i.e. hydrogen, hydrogen rich gases or methanol) as well as for the oxygen reduction. This paper focuses on solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell systems for mobile applications. Here the demands on the catalyst are most severe due to the low-temperature operating regime. Two system configurations are possible: either the carbon containing fuel is processed by a fuel converter to a hydrogen rich gas mixture and this in turn is fed into the fuel cell. Alternatively fuels such as methanol can be supplied directly into the fuel cell. In the first case, contaminations of CO in the feed gas have to be taken into account. These strongly absorbs on the surface of the catalysts (carbon-supported Pt or Pt-alloys) thereby inhibiting the hydrogen oxidation reaction. Electro-oxidation mechanisms of adsorbed CO as well as methanol—as an example for a direct fuel cell system—is discussed on Pt-Ru and other catalysts. Finally catalysts for methanol and hydrocarbon reforming reactions as well as for the shift reaction are reviewed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Palladium in fuel cell catalysis
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of binary and ternary platinum-based catalysts and non-platinum based catalysts for low-temperature fuel cells is presented, showing that the performance of Pd and Pd-containing catalysts can be improved with the addition of a suitable metal such as Co or Fe.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent Advances in Materials for Fuel Cells
TL;DR: In this paper, material requirements for SOFC and PEMFC stacks, together with an introductory section on materials technology for reformers, are discussed, and it is concluded that the introduction of alternative materials/processes that would enable SOFC stacks to operate at 150-200°C, and IT-SOFC stacks at 500-700°C would have a major impact on the successful commercialization of fuel cell technology.
Journal ArticleDOI
The stability of Pt–M (M = first row transition metal) alloy catalysts and its effect on the activity in low temperature fuel cells: A literature review and tests on a Pt–Co catalyst
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of dissolution of the non-precious metal on the electrocatalytic activity of the PtCo/C catalysts was evaluated by a short test in a single PEM fuel cell.
Journal ArticleDOI
The methanol oxidation reaction on platinum alloys with the first row transition metals The case of Pt-Co and -Ni alloy electrocatalysts for DMFCs: A short review
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the transition metal on the electrocatalytic activity of Pt-Co and -Ni for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) has been investigated both in halfcell and in direct methanoline fuel cells Conflicting results regarding the presence of Co(Ni) on the MOR are examined and the primary importance of the amount of non-precious metal in the catalyst is remarked.
Journal ArticleDOI
Some general principles for designing electrocatalysts with hydrogenase activity
Vincent Artero,Marc Fontecave +1 more
TL;DR: A review of pre-biomimetic functional systems with regard to their mechanism, activity, and performances can be found in this paper, where the design of new bio-inspired catalysts should integrate the structural characteristics found at the active sites, in particular those specifically relevant to the activity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electrocatalysis by ad-atoms: Part II. Enhancement of the oxidation of methanol on platinum by ruthenium ad-atoms
Masahiro Watanabe,Satoshi Motoo +1 more
TL;DR: The ad-electrode has the same electrocatalytic characteristics as the alloy electrode for the oxidation of methanol on the Ru-Pt catalyst system as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of the water-gas-shift reaction on ceria-supported Pt, Pd, and Rh: Implications for oxygen-storage properties
TL;DR: In this article, the steady-state, water-gas-shift kinetics were measured on model, ceria-supported, Pd, Pt, and Rh catalysts and compared to rates obtained on alumina-supported catalysts.
Book
Fuel cells and their applications
TL;DR: The importance of fuel cells for energy saving is explained and evaluated and the extremely low pollution characteristics of dispersed fuel cells are emphasised in this article, where their wide-ranging applications in homes, small factories and power plants, and in some industries for the highly efficient conversion of waste and biomass materials, with the general effect of carbon dioxide reduction in all fossil-fuel-burning processes, are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanism and electrocatalysis in the direct methanol fuel cell
TL;DR: In this paper, a unified treatment of the mechanism of electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation on platinum and platinum-containing alloys is put forward, and the effect of various alloys are shown to be interpretable within this overall model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temperature‐Dependent Methanol Electro‐Oxidation on Well‐Characterized Pt‐Ru Alloys
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the kinetics of methanol electro-oxidation on well-characterized Pt-Ru alloy surfaces as a function of temperature and found that the activity of Ru towards the dissociative adsorption of Methanol is a strong function of the temperature.
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