Central Blood Pressure Measurements and Antihypertensive Therapy: A Consensus Document
Enrico Agabiti-Rosei,Giuseppe Mancia,Michael F. O'Rourke,Mary J. Roman,Michel E. Safar,Harold Smulyan,Ji-Guang Wang,Ian B. Wilkinson,Bryan Williams,Charalambos Vlachopoulos +9 more
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TLDR
Because arterial stiffening and central hemodynamics are markers and manifestations of organ damage, the pertinent key question is whether the balance of evidence on their importance and issues related to clinical practice allows for implementation in patient management.Abstract:
The 2003 European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension1 included 2 important novel recommendations: assessment of the total cardiovascular risk should be taken into account in the management of the hypertensive patient, and quantification of risk should include subclinical target organ damage.
These guidelines acknowledged that central (aortic) blood pressure (BP), which is the pressure exerted on the heart and brain, may be different from the pressure that is measured at the arm. They also recognized that central pressure may be predictive of outcome in specific populations2 and differently affected by antihypertensive drugs. However, although these guidelines accepted that central augmentation index and pulse wave velocity may be important as measures of subclinical organ damage, they also stressed the need for prospective trials to establish their predictive values given that such studies were lacking at that time (2003).
After publication of these guidelines, additional data have strengthened the pathophysiological importance of central BP. Clinical studies have indicated that central BP may have predictive value independent of the corresponding peripheral (brachial) BP. More importantly, recent large-scale trials have shown that central hemodynamics may provide a worthwhile treatment target. In addition, central hemodynamics can now be reliably assessed noninvasively with a number of devices. Accordingly, because arterial stiffening and central hemodynamics are markers and manifestations of organ damage, the pertinent key question is whether the balance of evidence on their importance and issues related to clinical practice allows for implementation in patient management.
Central (aortic and carotid) pressures are pathophysiologically more relevant than peripheral pressures for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.3,4 It is aortic systolic pressure that the left ventricle encounters during systole (afterload), and the aortic pressure during diastole is a determinant of coronary perfusion. Furthermore, the distending pressure in the …read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Treatment of Hypertension in Patients 80 Years of Age or Older
Nigel Beckett,Ruth Peters,Astrid E. Fletcher,Jan A. Staessen,Lisheng Liu,D Dumitrascu,Vassil Stoyanovsky,Riitta Antikainen,Yuri Nikitin,Craig S. Anderson,Alli Belhani,Françoise Forette,Chakravarthi Rajkumar,Lutgarde Thijs,Winston Banya,Christopher J. Bulpitt +15 more
TL;DR: The results provide evidence that antihypertensive treatment with indapamide (sustained release), with or without perindopril, in persons 80 years of age or older is beneficial.
Journal ArticleDOI
Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Events The Framingham Heart Study
Gary F. Mitchell,Shih-Jen Hwang,Ramachandran S. Vasan,Martin G. Larson,Michael J. Pencina,Naomi M. Hamburg,Joseph A. Vita,Daniel Levy,Emelia J. Benjamin +8 more
TL;DR: Higher aortic stiffness assessed by PWV is associated with increased risk for a first cardiovascular event and improves risk prediction when added to standard risk factors and may represent a valuable biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk in the community.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with central haemodynamics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Charalambos Vlachopoulos,Konstantinos Aznaouridis,Michael F. O'Rourke,Michel E. Safar,Katerina Baou,Christodoulos Stefanadis +5 more
TL;DR: Central haemodynamic indexes are independent predictors of future CV events and all-cause mortality andAugmentation index predicts clinical events independently of peripheral pressures, while central PP has a marginally but not significantly better predictive ability when compared with peripheral PP.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of vascular biomarkers for primary and secondary prevention. A position paper from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripheral circulation: Endorsed by the Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology (ARTERY) Society.
Charalambos Vlachopoulos,Panagiotis Xaplanteris,Victor Aboyans,Marianne Brodmann,Renata Cifkova,Francesco Cosentino,Marco De Carlo,Augusto Gallino,Ulf Landmesser,Stéphane Laurent,John Lekakis,Dimitri P. Mikhailidis,Katerina K. Naka,Athanasios Protogerou,Damiano Rizzoni,Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss,Luc M. Van Bortel,Thomas Weber,Akira Yamashina,Reuven Zimlichman,Pierre Boutouyrie,John R. Cockcroft,Michael F. O'Rourke,Jeong Bae Park,Giuseppe Schillaci,Henrik Sillesen,Raymond R. Townsend +26 more
TL;DR: The role of peripheral (i.e. not related to coronary circulation) noninvasive vascular biomarkers for primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention is scrutinized and it is still unclear whether a specific vascular biomarker is overly superior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Pulse Pressure Amplification in Arterial Hypertension: Experts’ Opinion and Review of the Data
Alberto Avolio,Luc M. Van Bortel,Pierre Boutouyrie,John R. Cockcroft,Carmel M. McEniery,Athanase D. Protogerou,Mary J. Roman,Michel E. Safar,Patrick Segers,Harold Smulyan +9 more
TL;DR: Clinicians and researchers need to become familiarized with the disparity between peripheral and central BPs, ie, the phenomenon of pressure wave amplification, and the present document is designed to address this need.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications
Stéphane Laurent,John R. Cockcroft,Luc M. Van Bortel,Pierre Boutouyrie,Cristina Giannattasio,Daniel Hayoz,Bruno Pannier,Charalambos Vlachopoulos,Ian B. Wilkinson,Harry A.J. Struijker-Boudier +9 more
TL;DR: This paper summarizes the proceedings of several meetings of the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries and is aimed at providing an updated and practical overview of the most relevant methodological aspects and clinical applications in this area.
Journal Article
Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness : methodological issues and clinical applications. Commentary
Michael F. O'Rourke,Stanley S. Franklin,Stéphane Laurent,John R. Cockcroft,Luc M. Van Bortel,Pierre Boutouyrie,Cristina Giannattasio,Daniel Hayoz,Bruno Pannier,Charalambos Vlachopoulos,Ian B. Wilkinson,Harry A.J. Struijker-Boudier +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the proceedings of several meetings of the European Network for Non-invasive Investigation of Large Arteries and aimed at providing an updated and practical overview of the most relevant methodological aspects and clinical applications in this area.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
2003 European society of hypertension - European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
Giuseppe Mancia,Enrico Agabiti Rosei,Renata Cifkova,G DeBacker,Serap Erdine,Robert Fagard,Csaba Farsang,Antony M. Heagerty,K Kawecka-Jaszcs,Wolfgang Kiowski,Sverre E. Kjeldsen,Thomas F. Lüscher,Gordon T. McInnes,Jean-Michel Mallion,Eoin O. Brien,Neil Poulter,Silvia G. Priori,Karl Heinz Rahn,Jose L. Rodicio,L. Ruilope,M. E. Safar,Jan A. Staessen,P. A. Van Zwieten,Bernard Waeber,Bryan Williams,Alberto Zanchetti,Faiez Zannad +26 more
TL;DR: The Committee has tried to avoid giving rigid rules that would constrain judgement on the management of individual patients differing in their personal, medical and cultural characteristics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study.
Bryan Williams,Peter S. Lacy,Simon M Thom,Kennedy Cruickshank,Alice Stanton,David Collier,Alun D. Hughes,H. Thurston,Michael F. O'Rourke +8 more
TL;DR: The CAFE study as mentioned in this paper examined the impact of two different BP lowering-regimens (atenolol±thiazide-based versus amlodipine±perindopril-based) on derived central aortic pressures and hemodynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection With Advancing Age in Healthy Men and Women: The Framingham Heart Study
Gary F. Mitchell,Helen Parise,Emelia J. Benjamin,Martin G. Larson,Michelle J. Keyes,Joseph A. Vita,Ramachandran S. Vasan,Daniel Levy +7 more
TL;DR: In this healthy cohort with a minimal burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors, an age-related increase in aortic stiffness was associated with increasing forward wave amplitude and pulse pressure and reversal of the arterial stiffness gradient, which may facilitate forward transmission of potentially deleterious pressure pulsations into the periphery.
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