Journal ArticleDOI
Clonorchiasis: an update.
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TLDR
Current results obtained on the epidemiological, pathological and clinical aspects, as well as control measures in endemic areas of clonorchiasis are presented.Abstract:
Clonorchis sinensis, the Chinese or oriental liver fluke, is an important human parasite and is widely distributed in southern Korea, China (including Taiwan), Japan, northern Vietnam and the far eastern part of Russia. Clonorchiasis occurs in all parts of the world where there are Asian immigrants from endemic areas. The human and animal reservoir hosts (dogs, pigs, cats and rats) acquire the infection from the ingestion of raw fish containing infectious metacercariae. The first intermediate snail hosts are mainly species of Parafossarulus and Bithynia. Numerous species of freshwater fish serve as the second intermediate hosts of C. sinensis. Extensive studies of clonorchiasis during several decades in Japan, Korea, China and other countries have shown much progress in proving its morphological features including ultrastructure, biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and chemotherapy. The present review deals with mainly current results obtained on the epidemiological, pathological and clinical aspects, as well as control measures in endemic areas. As for the complications of clonorchiasis, formation of calculi in the intrahepatic biliary passages is one of the most characteristic pathological features. It is sometimes accompanied by suppurative cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholangiohepatitis and ultimately can cause cholangiocarcinoma. Experimental results on the relationship to the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma are presented. Clinical diagnosis by radiological findings including cholangiography, sonography and computerized tomography as well as magnetic resonance imaging for biliary or pancreatic ducts are outlined. Current studies on immunology and molecular biology of C. sinensis were introduced. Praziquantel is the drug of choice for clonorchiasis. The most effective regimen is 25 mg kg(-1) three times daily (total dose, 75 mg kg(-1)) administered orally at 5- to 6-h intervals over a single day. Prevention and control measures are also discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bile components and amino acids affect survival of the newly excysted juvenile Clonorchis sinensis in maintaining media
TL;DR: It is proposed that bile acids enhance activity of CsNEJs, but LCA deteriorate CsneJ survival, except for lithocholic acid (LCA) which was toxic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changing Patterns of Serum and Bile Antibodies in Re-infected Rats with Clonorchis sinensis
TL;DR: The elevated levels of serum IgE and bile IgA indicate that these immunoglobulins may be correlated with the development of resistance to re-infection by C. sinensis in rats.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification and biochemical characterization of adenylate kinase 1 from Clonorchis sinensis.
Pei Liang,Fan Zhang,Wenjun Chen,Xuchu Hu,Yan Huang,Shan Li,Mengyu Ren,Lei He,Ran Li,Xuerong Li,Jin Xu,Zhongdao Wu,Gang Lu,Xinbing Yu +13 more
TL;DR: Taken together, CsADK1 was a metal ion-dependent enzyme involved in purine metabolism, which was important for development and reproduction, and might be a potential candidate for drug target for clonorchiasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in sonographic findings after treatment of patients with clonorchiasis in a heavy endemic area.
TL;DR: It is confirmed that DDIHD and IPDE persist but FEFGB decreases significantly at 1 year after treatment, and in a heavy endemic area, the sonographic finding ofFEFGB may suggest active clonorchiasis 1 yearAfter treatment.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic infections and inflammatory processes as cancer risk factors : possible role of nitric oxide in carcinogenesis
Hiroshi Ohshima,Helmut Bartsch +1 more
TL;DR: Nitric oxide (NO) and other oxygen radicals produced in infected and inflamed tissues could contribute to the process of carcinogenesis by different mechanisms, which are discussed on the basis of authors' studies on liver fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma development.
Journal Article
Cholangiocarcinoma: epidemiology, mechanisms of carcinogenesis and prevention.
TL;DR: Preventive strategies in areas endemic for liver flukes appear straightforward, but breaking the cycle of infection has proved difficult in practice.
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The relationship between primary carcinoma of the liver and infestation with Clonorchis sinensis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The current pathobiology and chemotherapy of clonorchiasis
TL;DR: This special issue is devoted to a review of the current state of knowledge of clonorchiasis and sections deal with the biology, geographical distribution, and clinical features.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma and C. sinensis infection in Hong Kong
TL;DR: It was concluded that C. sinensis infection exerts a mild but essential carcinogenic effect and eradication of endemic clonorchiasis should result in the virtual elimination of endemic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Hong Kong.