Journal ArticleDOI
Contextual information management: An example of independent-checking in the review of laboratory-based bloodstain pattern analysis
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TLDR
The protocol developed during this trial provides a useful example for agencies seeking to adopt contextual information management into their workflow and is now looking to adopt the protocol into standard operating procedures.About:
This article is published in Science & Justice.The article was published on 2018-05-01. It has received 17 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Protocol (science) & Information management.read more
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Validity and reliability of forensic firearm examiners.
Erwin J.A.T. Mattijssen,Erwin J.A.T. Mattijssen,Cilia L. M. Witteman,Charles E.H. Berger,Charles E.H. Berger,Nicolaas W. Brand,Reinoud D. Stoel +6 more
TL;DR: The results show that the true positive rates (sensitivity) and the true negative rates (specificity) of firearm examiners are quite high, while the examiners seem to be slightly less proficient at identifying same-source comparisons correctly, while they outperform the used computer-based method at identifying different- source comparisons.
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A review of quality procedures in the UK forensic sciences: What can the field of digital forensics learn?
TL;DR: This work first examines the quality management systems utilised for the examination and analysis of fingerprint, body fluid and DNA evidence, and highlights an apparent lack of comparable quality assurance mechanisms within the field of digital forensics, one of the newest branches of forensic science.
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The forensic disclosure model: What should be disclosed to, and by, forensic experts?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce a conceptual model of forensic disclosure, which addresses what information should be disclosed to forensic examiners, as well as what information can and should not be disclosed by forensics experts.
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Cognitive biases in the peer review of bullet and cartridge case comparison casework: A field study.
Erwin J.A.T. Mattijssen,Erwin J.A.T. Mattijssen,Cilia L. M. Witteman,Charles E.H. Berger,Charles E.H. Berger,Reinoud D. Stoel +5 more
TL;DR: The results support both the hypothesis that bias occurs during non-blind forensic peer review and the hypotheses that higher-status examiners determine the outcome of a discussion more than lower- status examiners.
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How Cross-Examination on Subjectivity and Bias Affects Jurors’ Evaluations of Forensic Science Evidence
TL;DR: Reactions of jurors at a county courthouse to cross‐examination and arguments about contextual bias in a hypothetical case are examined and forensic scientists can immunize themselves against such challenges and maximize the weight jurors give their evidence by adopting context management procedures that blind them to task‐irrelevant information.
References
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Strengthening forensic science in the United States : a path forward
TL;DR: Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community as discussed by the authors.
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The forensic confirmation bias: Problems, perspectives, and proposed solutions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe classic psychological research on primacy, expectancy effects, and observer effects, all of which indicate that context can taint people's perceptions, judgments, and behaviors.
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Contextual information renders experts vulnerable to making erroneous identifications.
TL;DR: The authors investigated whether experts can objectively focus on feature information in fingerprints without being misled by extraneous information, such as context, and found that most of the fingerprint experts made different judgements, thus contradicting their own previous identification decisions.
Preliminary communication Contextual information renders experts vulnerable to making erroneous identifications
Itiel E. Dror,David Charlton +1 more
TL;DR: It is investigated whether experts can objectively focus on feature information in fingerprints without being misled by extraneous information, such as context, and whether experts are vulnerable to make erroneous identifications.
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Accuracy and reliability of forensic latent fingerprint decisions
TL;DR: This study is the first large-scale study of the accuracy and reliability of latent print examiners’ decisions, in which 169 latentprint examiners each compared approximately 100 pairs of latent and exemplar fingerprints from a pool of 744 pairs.