Journal ArticleDOI
Cultural similarities and differences in display rules
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This article presented a theoretical framework that predicts cultural differences in display rules according to individualism-collectivism (I-C) and power distance (PD), and social distinctions ingroups-outgroups and status.Abstract:
Two decades of cross-cultural research on the emotions have produced a wealth of information concerning cultural similarities and differences in the communication of emotion. Still, gaps in our knowledge remain. This article presents a theoretical framework that predicts cultural differences in display rules according to cultural differences in individualism-collectivism (I-C) and power distance (PD; Hofstede, 1980, 1983), and the social distinctions ingroups-outgroups and status. The model was tested using an American-Japanese comparison, where subjects in both cultures rated the appropriateness of the six universal facial expressions of emotion in eight different social situations. The findings were generally supportive of the theoretical model, and argue for the joint consideration of display rules and actual emotional behaviors in cross-cultural research.read more
Citations
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Rethinking individualism and collectivism: evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.
TL;DR: European Americans were found to be both more individualistic-valuing personal independence more-and less collectivistic-feeling duty to in-groups less-than others, and among Asians, only Chinese showed large effects, being both less individualistic and more collectivist.
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Automatic facial expression analysis: a survey
Beat Fasel,Juergen Luettin +1 more
TL;DR: This survey introduces the most prominent automatic facial expression analysis methods and systems presented in the literature and discusses issues such as face normalization, facial expression dynamics and facial expression intensity.
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Affect Detection: An Interdisciplinary Review of Models, Methods, and Their Applications
TL;DR: This survey explicitly explores the multidisciplinary foundation that underlies all AC applications by describing how AC researchers have incorporated psychological theories of emotion and how these theories affect research questions, methods, results, and their interpretations.
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Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies.
TL;DR: A review of the methods used in that research raises questions of its ecological, convergent, and internal validity as mentioned in this paper, as well as other features such as forced-choice response format, within-subject design, preselected photographs of posed facial expressions, and other features of method are each problematic.
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Examining the impact of Culture's consequences: a three-decade, multilevel, meta-analytic review of Hofstede's cultural value dimensions.
TL;DR: Using data from 598 studies representing over 200,000 individuals, a meta-analyzed the relationship between G. Hofstede's (1980a) original 4 cultural value dimensions and a variety of organizationally relevant outcomes, finding significantly stronger effects in culturally tighter, rather than looser, countries.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations
TL;DR: In this paper, the scope and range of ethnocentrism in group behavior is discussed. But the focus is on the individual and not on the group as a whole, rather than the entire group.
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Individualism and Collectivism: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Self-Ingroup Relationships
TL;DR: The individualism and collectivism constructs are theoretically analyzed and linked to certain hypothesized consequences (social behaviors, health indices). as discussed by the authors explored the meaning of these constructs within culture within culture (in the United States), identifying the individual-differences variable, idiocentrism versus all-theory, that corresponds to the constructs and found that U.S. individualism is reflected in self-reliance with competition, low concern for groups, and distance from groups.