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Deciphering the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds

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TLDR
Recent advances in understanding the genetic bases and evolutionary drivers of herbicide resistance that highlight the complex nature of selection for this adaptive trait are reviewed.
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This article is published in Trends in Genetics.The article was published on 2013-11-01. It has received 453 citations till now.

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Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies New Non-Target Site Glyphosate-Resistance Genes in Conyza bonariensis.

TL;DR: 41 new candidate target genes from five families related to herbicide transport and metabolism related to metabolism-based non-target site glyphosate resistance in C. bonariensis are identified, which may participate in metabolic-based glyphosate resistance via oxidation, conjugation, transport, and degradation, plus antioxidation.
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Acetolactate synthase overexpression in mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant shortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.): reference gene selection and herbicide target gene expression analysis.

TL;DR: Specific gene sets, suitable as references for qRT-PCR data normalization in A. aequalis plants under different experimental conditions, were identified and functional ALS gene amplification was likely present in resistant plants, although it may make no contribution to the resistant phenotypes.
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Inheritance of Mesotrione Resistance in an Amaranthus tuberculatus (var. rudis) Population from Nebraska, USA.

TL;DR: Results showed that reciprocal crosses in the F1 families exhibited nuclear inheritance, which allows pollen movement carrying herbicide resistance alleles, and multiple genes are likely to confer metabolism-based mesotrione resistance in this A. tuberculatus population from Nebraska.
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Herbicide resistant weeds in New Zealand: state of knowledge

TL;DR: The number of different examples of weed biotypes developing resistance to one or more herbicides in New Zealand has almost quadrupled since a review published in 1996, and evolved herbicide resistance has now been confirmed for a further eight weed species.
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ACCase mutations in Avena sterilis populations and their impact on plant fitness.

TL;DR: Findings suggest clearly that the inconsistent fitness differences between R and S A. sterilis populations are not related with the ACCase resistance trait but they may result from other non-resistance fitness traits selected in their different geographical locations.
References
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Crop losses to pests

TL;DR: Despite a clear increase in pesticide use, crop losses have not significantly decreased during the last 40 years, however, pesticide use has enabled farmers to modify production systems and to increase crop productivity without sustaining the higher losses likely to occur from an increased susceptibility to the damaging effect of pests.
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Environmental and Economic Costs of Nonindigenous Species in the United States

TL;DR: Aproximately 50,000 nonindigenous (non-native) species are estimated to have been introduced to the United States, many of which are beneficial but have caused major economic losses in agriculture, forestry, and several other segments of the US economy, in addition to harming the environment.
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Evolution in Action: Plants Resistant to Herbicides

TL;DR: Understanding resistance and building sustainable solutions to herbicide resistance evolution are necessary and worthy challenges to herbicides sustainability in world agriculture.
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The genetics of human adaptation: hard sweeps, soft sweeps, and polygenic adaptation.

TL;DR: This work argues for alternatives to the hard sweep model: in particular, polygenic adaptation could allow rapid adaptation while not producing classical signatures of selective sweeps, and discusses some of the likely opportunities for progress in the field.
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Gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri

TL;DR: This work investigated recently discovered glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri populations from Georgia, in comparison with normally sensitive populations, and revealed that EPSPS genes were present on every chromosome and, therefore, gene amplification was likely not caused by unequal chromosome crossing over.