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Open AccessProceedings ArticleDOI

Deep Neural Networks for YouTube Recommendations

Paul Covington, +2 more
- pp 191-198
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TLDR
This paper details a deep candidate generation model and then describes a separate deep ranking model and provides practical lessons and insights derived from designing, iterating and maintaining a massive recommendation system with enormous user-facing impact.
Abstract
YouTube represents one of the largest scale and most sophisticated industrial recommendation systems in existence. In this paper, we describe the system at a high level and focus on the dramatic performance improvements brought by deep learning. The paper is split according to the classic two-stage information retrieval dichotomy: first, we detail a deep candidate generation model and then describe a separate deep ranking model. We also provide practical lessons and insights derived from designing, iterating and maintaining a massive recommendation system with enormous user-facing impact.

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Citations
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TransNets: Learning to Transform for Recommendation

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Constrained Bayesian Optimization with Noisy Experiments

TL;DR: Simulations with synthetic functions show that optimization performance on noisy, constrained problems outperforms existing methods and derive an expression for expected improvement under greedy batch optimization with noisy observations and noisy constraints, and develop a quasi-Monte Carlo approximation.
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NPA: Neural News Recommendation with Personalized Attention

TL;DR: In this article, a neural news recommendation model with personalized attention (NPA) is proposed, which exploits the embedding of user ID to generate the query vector for the word-and news-level attentions.
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Behavior sequence transformer for e-commerce recommendation in Alibaba

TL;DR: This paper proposes to use the powerful Transformer model to capture the sequential signals underlying users' behavior sequences for recommendation in Alibaba and demonstrates the superiority of the proposed model.
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The Architectural Implications of Facebook's DNN-Based Personalized Recommendation

TL;DR: A set of real-world, production-scale DNNs for personalized recommendation coupled with relevant performance metrics for evaluation are presented and in-depth analysis is conducted that underpins future system design and optimization for at-scale recommendation.
References
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Proceedings Article

Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift

TL;DR: Applied to a state-of-the-art image classification model, Batch Normalization achieves the same accuracy with 14 times fewer training steps, and beats the original model by a significant margin.
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Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality

TL;DR: This paper presents a simple method for finding phrases in text, and shows that learning good vector representations for millions of phrases is possible and describes a simple alternative to the hierarchical softmax called negative sampling.
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Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift

TL;DR: Batch Normalization as mentioned in this paper normalizes layer inputs for each training mini-batch to reduce the internal covariate shift in deep neural networks, and achieves state-of-the-art performance on ImageNet.
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Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality

TL;DR: In this paper, the Skip-gram model is used to learn high-quality distributed vector representations that capture a large number of precise syntactic and semantic word relationships and improve both the quality of the vectors and the training speed.