Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of Water in the LCROSS Ejecta Plume
Anthony Colaprete,Peter H. Schultz,Jennifer L. Heldmann,Diane H. Wooden,Mark Shirley,Kimberly Ennico,Brendan Hermalyn,William Marshall,William Marshall,Antonio J. Ricco,Richard C. Elphic,David Goldstein,D. Summy,G. D. Bart,Erik Asphaug,Don Korycansky,David Landis,Luke Sollitt +17 more
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TLDR
The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission was designed to provide direct evidence that water ice may be presented in permanently shadowed craters of the Moon, and spectral bands of a number of other volatile compounds were observed.Abstract:
Several remote observations have indicated that water ice may be presented in permanently shadowed craters of the Moon. The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission was designed to provide direct evidence. On 9 October 2009, a spent Centaur rocket struck the persistently shadowed region within the lunar south pole crater Cabeus, ejecting debris, dust, and vapor. This material was observed by a second "shepherding" spacecraft, which carried nine instruments, including cameras, spectrometers, and a radiometer. Near-infrared absorbance attributed to water vapor and ice and ultraviolet emissions attributable to hydroxyl radicals support the presence of water in the debris. The maximum total water vapor and water ice within the instrument field of view was 155 ± 12 kilograms. Given the estimated total excavated mass of regolith that reached sunlight, and hence was observable, the concentration of water ice in the regolith at the LCROSS impact site is estimated to be 5.6 ± 2.9% by mass. In addition to water, spectral bands of a number of other volatile compounds were observed, including light hydrocarbons, sulfur-bearing species, and carbon dioxide.read more
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The Exoplanet Handbook
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the solar system and its evolution, including the formation and evolution of stars, asteroids, and free-floating planets, as well as their internal and external structures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diviner Lunar Radiometer Observations of Cold Traps in the Moon’s South Polar Region
David A. Paige,Matthew A. Siegler,Jo Ann Zhang,Paul O. Hayne,E. J. Foote,Kristen A. Bennett,Ashwin R. Vasavada,Benjamin T. Greenhagen,John T. Schofield,Daniel J. McCleese,Marc C. Foote,E. DeJong,Bruce G. Bills,Wayne Hartford,Bruce C. Murray,Carlton Allen,Kelly Snook,Laurence A. Soderblom,S. B. Calcutt,Fredric W. Taylor,Neil Bowles,Joshua L. Bandfield,Richard C. Elphic,Rebecca R. Ghent,Timothy D. Glotch,Michael B. Wyatt,Paul G. Lucey +26 more
TL;DR: The diverse mixture of water and high-volatility compounds detected in the LCROSS ejecta plume is strong evidence for the impact delivery and cold-trapping of volatiles derived from primitive outer solar system bodies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ice structures, patterns, and processes: A view across the icefields
Thorsten Bartels-Rausch,Vance Bergeron,Julyan H. E. Cartwright,Rafael Escribano,John L. Finney,Hinrich Grothe,Pedro J. Gutiérrez,Jari Haapala,Werner F. Kuhs,Jan B. C. Pettersson,Stephen D. Price,C. Ignacio Sainz-Díaz,Debbie J. Stokes,Giovanni Strazzulla,Erik S. Thomson,Hauke Trinks,Nevin Uras-Aytemiz +16 more
TL;DR: From the frontiers of research on ice dynamics in its broadest sense, the authors surveys the structures of ice, the patterns or morphologies it may assume, and the physical and chemical processes in which it is involved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrogen mapping of the lunar south pole using the LRO neutron detector experiment LEND.
I. G. Mitrofanov,A. B. Sanin,William V. Boynton,Gordon Chin,James B. Garvin,Dmitry Golovin,Larry G. Evans,K. Harshman,A. S. Kozyrev,Maxim Litvak,Alexey Malakhov,Erwan Mazarico,T. P. McClanahan,G. M. Milikh,Maxim Mokrousov,G. Nandikotkur,Gregory A. Neumann,I. Nuzhdin,R. Z. Sagdeev,V. V. Shevchenko,Valery Shvetsov,David E. Smith,R. D. Starr,Vladislav Tretyakov,J. Trombka,D. Usikov,A. Varenikov,Andrey Vostrukhin,Maria T. Zuber +28 more
TL;DR: The LCROSS impact site inside the Cabeus crater demonstrates the highest hydrogen concentration in the lunar south polar region, corresponding to an estimated content of 0.5 to 4.0% water ice by weight, depending on the thickness of any overlying dry regolith layer.
The Exoplanet Handbook: Formation and evolution
TL;DR: An overview of the processes described in this chapter is as follows in this paper, where the authors start with star formation in molecular clouds, and then gravitationally accumulate their mantles of ice and/or gas.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Character and Spatial Distribution of OH/H2O on the Surface of the Moon Seen by M3 on Chandrayaan-1
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fluxes of fast and epithermal neutrons from Lunar Prospector: evidence for water ice at the lunar poles.
W. C. Feldman,Sylvestre Maurice,Alan B. Binder,B. L. Barraclough,R. C. Elphic,David J. Lawrence +5 more
TL;DR: Maps of epithermal- and fast-neutron fluxes measured by Lunar Prospector were used to search for deposits enriched in hydrogen at both lunar poles, and data are consistent with deposits of hydrogen in the form of water ice that are covered by as much as 40 centimeters of desiccated regolith within permanently shaded craters near both poles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ice in the lunar polar regions
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Journal ArticleDOI
Diviner Lunar Radiometer Observations of Cold Traps in the Moon’s South Polar Region
David A. Paige,Matthew A. Siegler,Jo Ann Zhang,Paul O. Hayne,E. J. Foote,Kristen A. Bennett,Ashwin R. Vasavada,Benjamin T. Greenhagen,John T. Schofield,Daniel J. McCleese,Marc C. Foote,E. DeJong,Bruce G. Bills,Wayne Hartford,Bruce C. Murray,Carlton Allen,Kelly Snook,Laurence A. Soderblom,S. B. Calcutt,Fredric W. Taylor,Neil Bowles,Joshua L. Bandfield,Richard C. Elphic,Rebecca R. Ghent,Timothy D. Glotch,Michael B. Wyatt,Paul G. Lucey +26 more
TL;DR: The diverse mixture of water and high-volatility compounds detected in the LCROSS ejecta plume is strong evidence for the impact delivery and cold-trapping of volatiles derived from primitive outer solar system bodies.
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