Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of C/N ratio, aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting
TLDR
In this article, the effects of C/N ratio, aeration rate and initial moisture content on gaseous emission during the composting of pig faeces from Chinese Ganqinfen system were investigated.Abstract:
Gaseous emission (N2O, CH4 and NH3) from composting can be an important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air pollution. A laboratory scale orthogonal experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of C/N ratio, aeration rate and initial moisture content on gaseous emission during the composting of pig faeces from Chinese Ganqinfen system. The results showed that about 23.9% to 45.6% of total organic carbon (TOC) was lost in the form of CO2 and 0.8% to 7.5% of TOC emitted as CH4. Most of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH3, which account for 9.6% to 32.4% of initial nitrogen. N2O was also an important way of nitrogen losses and 1.5% to 7.3% of initial total nitrogen was lost as it. Statistic analysis showed that the aeration rate is the most important factor which could affect the NH3 (p = 0.0189), CH4 (p = 0.0113) and N2O (p = 0.0493) emissions significantly. Higher aeration rates reduce the CH4 emission but increase the NH3 and N2O losses. C/N ratio could affect the NH3 (p = 0.0442) and CH4 (p = 0.0246) emissions significantly, but not the N2O. Lower C/N ratio caused higher NH3 and CH4 emissions. The initial moisture content can not influence the gaseous emission significantly. Most treatments were matured after 37 days, except a trial with high moisture content and a low C/N ratio.read more
Citations
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Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in livestock production - A review of technical options for non-CO2 emissions
Alexander N. Hristov,Joonpyo Oh,C. Lee,Robert J. Meinen,F. Montes,Troy L. Ott,Jeffrey L. Firkins,A. Rotz,Curtis J. Dell,C. Adesogan,W.Z. Yang,J.M. Tricarico,Ermias Kebreab,G. Waghorn,Jan Dijkstra,S.J. Oosting +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of nutritional, manure and animal husbandry practices for mitigating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from livestock production was evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insight into the Effects of Biochar on Manure Composting: Evidence Supporting the Relationship between N2O Emission and Denitrifying Community
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that biochar amendment could be a novel greenhouse gas mitigation strategy during pig manure composting by evaluating the inter-relationships between N2O emission and the abundance of denitrifiers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Special topics--Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: III. A review of animal management mitigation options.
Alexander N. Hristov,Troy L. Ott,J.M. Tricarico,A. Rotz,G. Waghorn,Adegbola T. Adesogan,Jan Dijkstra,F. Montes,Joonpyo Oh,Ermias Kebreab,S.J. Oosting,Pierre J. Gerber,Benjamin B. Henderson,H. P. S. Makkar,Jeffrey L. Firkins +14 more
TL;DR: Analysis of published data on animal management practices that mitigate enteric methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from animal operations found that pursuing a suite of intensive and extensive reproductive management technologies provides a significant opportunity to reduce GHG emissions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential of aeration flow rate and bio-char addition to reduce greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions during manure composting.
TL;DR: Comparisons of flow rates showed that low flow could be an alternative strategy for reducing NH3 losses without any significant change in N2O emissions, pointing to the need for well-controlled composting conditions if gaseous emissions are to be minimised.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: III. A review of animal management mitigation options
Alexander N. Hristov,Troy L. Ott,J.M. Tricarico,A. Rotz,G. Waghorn,Adegbola T. Adesogan,Jan Dijkstra,F. Montes,Joonpyo Oh,Ermias Kebreab,S.J. Oosting,Pierre J. Gerber,B.L. Henderson,Harinder P. S. Makkar,Jeffrey L. Firkins +14 more
Abstract: This review analyzes published data on manure management practices used to mitigate methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from animal operations. Reducing excreted nitrogen (N) and degradable organic carbon (C) by diet manipulation to improve the balance of nutrient inputs with production is an effective practice to reduce CH4 and N2O emissions. Most CH4 is produced during manure storage; therefore, reducing storage time, lowering manure temperature by storing it outside during colder seasons, and capturing and combusting the CH4 produced during storage are effective practices to reduce CH4 emission. Anaerobic digestion with combustion of the gas produced is effective in reducing CH4 emission and organic C content of manure; this increases readily available C and N for microbial processes creating little CH4 and increased N2O emissions following land application. Nitrous oxide emission occurs following land application as a byproduct of nitrification and dentrification processes in the soil, but these processes may also occur in compost, biofilter materials, and permeable storage covers. These microbial processes depend on temperature, moisture content, availability of easily degradable organic C, and oxidation status of the environment, which make N2O emissions and mitigation results highly variable. Managing the fate of ammoniacal N is essential to the success of N2O and CH4 mitigation because ammonia is an important component in the cycling of N through manure, soil, crops, and animal feeds. Manure application techniques such as subsurface injection reduce ammonia and CH4 emissions but can result in increased N2O emissions. Injection works well when combined with anaerobic digestion and solids separation by improving infiltration. Additives such as urease and nitrification inhibitors that inhibit microbial processes have mixed results but are generally effective in controlling N2O emission from intensive grazing systems. Matching plant nutrient requirements with manure fertilization, managing grazing intensity, and using cover crops are effective practices to increase plant N uptake and reduce N2O emissions. Due to system interactions, mitigation practices that reduce emissions in one stage of the manure management process may increase emissions elsewhere, so mitigation practices must be evaluated at the whole farm level.
References
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Climate Change 2007 Synthesis report
Lenny Bernstein,Peter Bosch,Osvaldo Canziani,Z. Chen,Renate Christ,Ogunlade Davidson,William Hare,Saleemul Huq,David J. Karoly,Vladimir M. Kattsov,Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz,Jian Liu,Ulrike Lohmann,Martin R. Manning,T. Matsuno,Bettina Meene,Bert Metz,Monirul Mirza,Neville Nicholls,Leonard Nurse,Rajendra Pachauri,Jean Palutikof,Martin A. J. Parry,Dale Qin,Ravindranath Nijavalli,Andy Reisinger,Jiawen Ren,Keywan Riahi,Cynthia Rosenzweig,Matilde Rusticucci,Stephen H. Schneider,Susan Solomon,Peter A. Stott,Ronald J. Stouffer,Taishi Sugiyama,Robert Swart,Dennis Tirpak,Coleen Vogel,Gary Yobe +38 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Closing the global N2O budget: nitrous oxide emissions through the agricultural nitrogen cycle
Arvin R. Mosier,Carolien Kroeze,Cynthia D. Nevison,Oene Oenema,S. Seitzinger,O. Van Cleemput +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a methodology to calculate annual country level N2O emissions from agricultural soils, including direct emissions from agriculture, indirect emissions from animal production, and indirect emissions indirectly induced by agricultural activities.
Journal Article
Test methods for the examination of composting and compost
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of C/N on composting of pig manure with sawdust
TL;DR: Co-composting of pig manure with sawdust at a low initial C/N would require a composting longer than 63 days, and, the high salinity due to the large amount of pork manure would pose a potential inhibition on plant growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ammonia emissions from the composting of different organic wastes. Dependency on process temperature
TL;DR: Ammonia emitted in the composting of the five wastes investigated revealed a strong dependence on temperature, with a distinct pattern found in ammonia emissions for each waste in the thermophilic first stage of composting than that of the mesophilic final stage.