Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of experimental strabismus on the architecture of macaque monkey striate cortex.
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TLDR
The distributions of several anatomical markers in V1 of two experimentally strabismic Macaca nemestrina monkeys were examined, finding changes appear to be related to the loss of binocularity in cortical neurons, which has its most profound effects near OD column borders.Abstract:
Strabismus, a misalignment of the eyes, results in a loss of binocular visual function in humans. The effects are similar in monkeys, where a loss of binocular convergence onto single cortical neurons is always found. Changes in the anatomical organization of primary visual cortex (V1) may be associated with these physiological deficits, yet few have been reported. We examined the distributions of several anatomical markers in V1 of two experimentally strabismic Macaca nemestrina monkeys. Staining patterns in tangential sections were related to the ocular dominance (OD) column structure as deduced from cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining. CO staining appears roughly normal in the superficial layers, but in layer 4C, one eye's columns were pale. Thin, dark stripes falling near OD column borders are evident in Nissl-stained sections in all layers and in immunoreactivity for calbindin, especially in layers 3 and 4B. The monoclonal antibody SMI32, which labels a neurofilament protein found in pyramidal cells, is reduced in one eye's columns and absent at OD column borders. The pale SMI32 columns are those that are dark with CO in layer 4. Gallyas staining for myelin reveals thin stripes through layers 2–5; the dark stripes fall at OD column centers. All these changes appear to be related to the loss of binocularity in cortical neurons, which has its most profound effects near OD column borders. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:300–317, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Voxel-based analysis of MRI detects abnormal visual cortex in children and adults with amblyopia.
Janine D. Mendola,Ian P. Conner,Anjali Roy,Suk-Tak Chan,Terry L. Schwartz,J. Vernon Odom,Kenneth K. Kwong +6 more
TL;DR: MRI and psychophysical vision testing indicated that adults and children with amblyopia have decreased gray matter volume in visual cortical regions, including the calcarine sulcus, known to contain primary visual cortex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroanatomy of adult strabismus: a voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance structural scans.
Suk-Tak Chan,Kwok-wing Tang,Kwok-cheung Lam,Lap-kong Chan,Janine D. Mendola,Kenneth K. Kwong +5 more
TL;DR: VBM applied to magnetic resonance images of strabismic adults detected any abnormal brain anatomy, which could not be easily identified by simple inspection, and opposite gray matter changes in the visual and the oculomotor processing areas are compatible with a hypothesis of plasticity in the o Vulgarium.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suppression of metabolic activity caused by infantile strabismus and strabismic amblyopia in striate visual cortex of macaque monkeys
TL;DR: The findings reinforce the principle that unrepaired strabismus promotes abnormal competition in V1, observable as interocular suppression of ODCs, which differs depending upon whether infantile strabistismus is alternating or occurs in conjunction with unilateral amblyopia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paucity of horizontal connections for binocular vision in V1 of naturally strabismic macaques: Cytochrome oxidase compartment specificity.
TL;DR: Analysis of V1 in normal monkeys revealed that the deficits in strabismic V1 were due mainly to a loss of binocular connections between neurons in CO‐interblob compartments, and these findings help elucidate the relative roles of visual experience vs. innate mechanisms in the development of axonal connections between ocular dominance domains and compartments within macaque V1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perception via the Deviated Eye in Strabismus
TL;DR: Plasticity in the coding of visual direction allows accurate localization of objects everywhere in the visual scene, despite the presence of strabismus.
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Changes in the visual system of monocularly sutured or enucleated cats demonstrable with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry
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Nitric oxide synthase and neuronal NADPH diaphorase are identical in brain and peripheral tissues.
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Binocular interaction in striate cortex of kittens reared with artificial squint.
David H. Hubel,Torsten N. Wiesel +1 more
TL;DR: The object of the present study was to influence cortical connections by some means less drastic than covering one or both eyes, and produced a divergent strabismus by cutting one of the extraocular muscles in each of four newborn kittens.
Journal ArticleDOI
The development of ocular dominance columns in normal and visually deprived monkeys.
TL;DR: The main purpose of this study was to examine the normal postnatal development of ocular dominance columns in the striate cortex of the macaque monkey and to determine how this developmental process is influenced by monocular lid‐suture.
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