Journal ArticleDOI
Electroplating of Amorphous Thin Films of Tungsten/Nickel Alloys
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In this paper, the electroplating of amorphous Ni/W alloys is described, where the aqueous plating solution consists of NiSO4, Na2WO4, and Na3Cit at pH = 8.0.Abstract:
The electroplating of amorphous Ni/W alloys is described. The aqueous plating solution consists of NiSO4, Na2WO4, and Na3Cit at pH = 8.0. The bath is operated at room temperature. By avoiding the use of NH4OH or any ammonium salt, it was possible to prepare alloys containing up to 50 a/o (76 w/o) W. XRD measurements revealed that amorphous alloys were obtained when the concentration of W in the alloy is 20−40 a/o. At lower concentrations of W the fcc substitutional solid solution Ni(1-x)Wx was formed. At higher concentration, an orthorhombic crystal structure corresponding to a 1/1 Ni/W alloy was observed. SEM and STM measurements supported the existence of the amorphous phase. The conditions under which amorphous alloys are expected to be formed preferentially are discussed. Thin films of the amorphous phase were prepared reproducibly at any tungsten concentration in the above range. Therefore, these alloys can be used for barrier or capping layers in the microelectronic industry for ULSI and MEMS applic...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of solid solution W additions on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Ni
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of solid solution additions of ~13 at% W were considered with respect to the structure and mechanical properties of electrodeposited Ni alloys with grain sizes below 10 nm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis and characterization of nickel tungsten alloys by electrodeposition
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of bath chemistry, additives and operating conditions on the chemical composition, microstructure and properties of Ni-W alloys deposited from citrate-containing baths, in the absence of ammonia or ammonium salts, on stationary working electrodes was studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ni-W electrodeposited coatings: Characterization, properties and applications
TL;DR: In this paper, different aspects of electrodeposition, microstructure, corrosion, oxidation, wear, and mechanical properties of Ni-W alloys and nano/micro composites are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modern trends in tungsten alloys electrodeposition with iron group metals
Natalia Tsyntsaru,Natalia Tsyntsaru,Henrikas Cesiulis,Mikolaj Donten,Jordi Sort,Eva Pellicer,E. J. Podlaha-Murphy +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the works on electrodeposition of tungsten alloys with iron group metals, their properties and applications, and the adduced data are correlated with the compositions of electrodeposited alloys.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis and evaluation of hardness and sliding wear resistance of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present synthesis, characterization and evaluation of hardness and sliding wear resistance of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-W alloys with 9.33 at.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Non-crystalline Structure in Solidified Gold–Silicon Alloys
TL;DR: This article showed that amorphous configurations have been retained in the solid state by cooling from the melt with sufficient celerity so as to prevent formation of the equilibrium crystalline structures in solid metals and alloys.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of amorphous electrodeposited Ni-W alloys and their nanocrystallization
TL;DR: The Hall-Petch strengthening mechanism was observed for the hardness extending to a finest grain size of about 10 nm, when the grain size was less than about 10nm as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Induced Codeposition III. Molybdenum Alloys with Nickel, Cobalt, and Iron
Elizabeth J. Podlaha,D. Landolt +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison was made between the codeposition behavior of NiMo, CoMo, and FeMo alloys on rotating cylinder electrodes when the molybdate concentration in the electrolyte was much lower than that of the iron-group species.
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Induced Codeposition: II. A Mathematical Model Describing the Electrodeposition of Ni‐Mo Alloys
Elizabeth J. Podlaha,D. Landolt +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a steady-state mathematical model was developed to predict the behavior of the induced codeposition of Ni-Mo alloys in the kinetic and mass-transport controlled regions on rotating cylinder electrodes.
Journal ArticleDOI
High aspect ratio quarter-micron electroless copper integrated technology
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a profile study of barrier/seed layers covered with thin electroless Cu films by SEM cross sections and step coverage in trenches and vias as a function of aspect ratio.