Journal ArticleDOI
Emission of bromine and iodine from Mount Etna volcano
Alessandro Aiuppa,Cinzia Federico,Aldina M. A. Franco,Gaetano Giudice,Sergio Gurrieri,Salvatore Inguaggiato,Marco Liuzzo,Andrew J. S. McGonigle,Andrew J. S. McGonigle,Mariano Valenza +9 more
TLDR
In this article, the first measurements of bromine and iodine emissions from Mount Etna were made using filter packs and contemporaneous ultraviolet spectroscopic SO2 flux measurements, resulting in time-averaged emission rates of 0.7 kt yr−1 and 0.01 kt dc−1 for Br and I, respectively, from April to October 2004, from which they estimate global Br and iodine fluxes of order 13 (range, 3-40) and 1.11 (range 0.04-6.6) kt rc−1.Abstract:
[1] Constraining fluxes of volcanic bromine and iodine to the atmosphere is important given the significant role these species play in ozone depletion. However, very few such measurements have been made hitherto, such that global volcanic fluxes are poorly constrained. Here we extend the data set of volcanic Br and I degassing by reporting the first measurements of bromine and iodine emissions from Mount Etna. These data were obtained using filter packs and contemporaneous ultraviolet spectroscopic SO2 flux measurements, resulting in time-averaged emission rates of 0.7 kt yr−1 and 0.01 kt yr−1 for Br and I, respectively, from April to October 2004, from which we estimate global Br and I fluxes of order 13 (range, 3–40) and 0.11 (range, 0.04–6.6) kt yr−1. Observed changes in plume composition highlight the coherent geochemical behavior of HCl, HF, HBr, and HI during magmatic degassing, and strong fractionation of these species with respect to SO2.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric Chemistry of Iodine
Alfonso Saiz-Lopez,John M. C. Plane,Alex R. Baker,Lucy J. Carpenter,Roland von Glasow,Juan Carlos Gómez Martín,Gordon McFiggans,R. W. Saunders +7 more
TL;DR: Atmospheric Chemistry of Iodine Alfonso Saiz-Lopez,* John M. C. Plane,* Alex R. Baker, Lucy J. Carpenter, Roland von Glasow, Juan C. G omez Martín, Gordon McFiggans, and Russell W. Smith.
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Using the Cl/Br ratio as a tracer to identify the origin of salinity in aquifers in Spain and Portugal
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of the Cl/Br molar ratio for identifying the origin of groundwater salinity is presented according to the experience gained in Spain and Portugal, where data have been collected from different areas of Spanish and Portugal and explained and illustrated by two cases described in detail.
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Halogens in volcanic systems
TL;DR: A review of recent advances in this field, including experimental and theoretical investigations of halogen behaviour in volcanic and related magmatic systems, including halogen abundances in the mantle and magmas on Earth, the effects of halogens on phase equilibria and melt viscosities, their partitioning between melt and fluid phase(s) upon decompression, cooling and crystallisation of magmas in the Earth's crust; and their final atmospheric release as volcanic gases are discussed in this article.
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Iodine and human health, the role of environmental geochemistry and diet, a review
TL;DR: Iodine is an essential element in the human diet and a deficiency can lead to a number of health outcomes collectively termed iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) as mentioned in this paper, however, the major zone of marine influence generally stretches to only 50-80 km inland and terrestrial sources of volatilised iodine, from wetlands, soils and plants are also an important aspect of its global geochemical cycle.
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The effects of volcanic eruptions on atmospheric chemistry
TL;DR: In this paper, the main effects of volcanic emissions on atmospheric chemistry are discussed, with a focus on sulphur and halogen compounds, and to a smaller extent on climate, mainly focusing on quiescent degassing, but the main effect of explosive eruptions on the troposphere and stratosphere are covered as well.
References
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A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals
TL;DR: For most of the toxic metals, the natural fluxes are small compared with emissions from industrial activities, implying that mankind has become the key agent in the global atmospheric cycle of trace metals and metalloids as mentioned in this paper.
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Reductions of Antarctic ozone due to synergistic interactions of chlorine and bromine
TL;DR: The vertical column density of ozone observed in October over Antarctica over Antarctica has fallen precipitously over the past 10 yr as mentioned in this paper and the concentration at Halley Bay (76 deg S, 27 deg W), expressed conventionally in Dobson units (DU), has dropped from about 300 DU in 1975 to less than 200 DU in 1984.
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A time‐averaged inventory of subaerial volcanic sulfur emissions
Robert J. Andres,A. D. Kasgnoc +1 more
TL;DR: A time-averaged inventory of subaerial volcanic sulfur (S) emissions was compiled primarily for the use of global S and sulfate modelers as discussed by the authors, which relies upon the 25-year history of S, primarily sulfur dioxide (SO2), measurements at volcanoes.
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Eruptive and diffuse emissions of CO2 from Mount Etna
Patrick Allard,J. Carbonnelle,D. Dajlevic,J. Le Bronec,P. Morel,M.C. Robe,J. M. Maurenas,R. Faivre-Pierret,D. Martin,J. C. Sabroux,P. Zettwoog +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used data collected from 1975 to 1987 to estimate carbon dioxide emissions from the summit craters and the upper flanks of the volcano and found that the average output of CO2 from summit crater degassing is 13±3 Tg yr−1, an order of magnitude higher than the annual CO2 output from Kilauea, Hawaii, and representative arc volcanoes.