Open Access
Enabling techniques for low power, high performance fractional-N frequency synthesizers
TLDR
The calibration technique results in improved phase noise performance by adjusting the digital-to-analog converter gain, and thus providing better matching between the phase-locked loop circuitry and digital- to-analogue converter.Abstract:
Delta-sigma fractional-N phase-locked loops are used to generate high quality radio-frequency signals for use in wireless applications. To reduce the phase noise inherent to these systems, a digital-to-analog converter is used to cancel the error introduced by the fractional division process, however matching between the digital-to-analog converter and the phase-locked loop circuitry place a limit on the amount of phase noise reduction that can be achieved. Furthermore, circuit non-linearity results in the appearance of spurious tones in the phase-locked loop output. This dissertation outlines a calibration technique, and a digital quantization technique that provide solutions to these two problems. The calibration technique results in improved phase noise performance by adjusting the digital-to-analog converter gain, and thus providing better matching between the phase-locked loop circuitry and digital-to-analog converter. The digital quantization technique results in no spurious tones when specified non- linearity is applied to the quantizer output sequence and error. The calibration technique was implemented in an integrated circuit, which achieves state-of-the-art performance when compared to currently published phase- locked loops and allows for all circuitry to be integrated onto a single chip. Chapter 1 presents the calibration technique, as well as a theoretical analysis of the stability. Chapter 2 presents details on the digital quantization technique, and a mathematical proof of the absence of spurious tones. In chapter 3, results from an implemented circuit are presented, which verify the behaviour of the technique presented in chapter 1read more
Citations
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Proceedings Article
Dithered Quantizers
Robert M. Gray,T.G. Stockham +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a unified derivation and presentation of two forms of dithered quantizer noise based on elementary Fourier techniques is provided, both subtractive and nonsubtractive.
Book ChapterDOI
The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits: RF CIRCUITS THROUGH THE AGES
TL;DR: In this paper, an expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Thomas H. Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits features a completely new chapter on the principles of wireless systems.
References
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Book
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TL;DR: In this paper, the meaning of probability and random variables are discussed, as well as the axioms of probability, and the concept of a random variable and repeated trials are discussed.
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Discrete-Time Signal Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a thorough treatment of the fundamental theorems and properties of discrete-time linear systems, filtering, sampling, and discrete time Fourier analysis.
Journal Article
The design of CMOS radio-frequency integrated circuits, 2nd edition
TL;DR: This expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Thomas H. Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits features a completely new chapter on the principles of wireless systems.
Book
The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Tom Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits, which is packed with physical insights and design tips, and includes a historical overview of the field in context.