Journal ArticleDOI
Energy coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere
TLDR
In this article, it was shown that epsilon is the primary factor controlling the time development of magnetospheric substorms and storms and that the power generated by the dynamo can be identified as ϵ through the use of a dimensional analysis, indicating that the magnetosphere is closer to a directly driven system than to an unloading system which stores the generated energy before converting it to substorm and storm energies.Abstract:
A description is given of the path leading to the first approximation expression for the solar wind-magnetosphere energy coupling function (epsilon), which correlates well with the total energy consumption rate (U sub T) of the magnetosphere. It is shown that epsilon is the primary factor controlling the time development of magnetospheric substorms and storms. The finding of this particular expression epsilon indicates how the solar wind couples its energy to the magnetosphere; the solar wind and the magnetosphere make up a dynamo. In fact, the power generated by the dynamo can be identified as epsilon through the use of a dimensional analysis. In addition, the finding of epsilon suggests that the magnetosphere is closer to a directly driven system than to an unloading system which stores the generated energy before converting it to substorm and storm energies. The finding of epsilon and its implications is considered to have significantly advanced and improved the understanding of magnetospheric processes.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
What is a geomagnetic storm
Walter D. Gonzalez,J. A. Joselyn,Yohsuke Kamide,H. W. Kroehl,Gordon Rostoker,Bruce T. Tsurutani,Vytenis M. Vasyliunas +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt is made to define a geomagnetic storm as an interval of time when a sufficiently intense and long-lasting interplanetary convection electric field leads, through a substantial energization in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, to an intensified ring current sufficiently strong to exceed some key threshold of the quantifying storm time Dst index.
Journal ArticleDOI
Geomagnetic activity associated with earth passage of interplanetary shock disturbances and coronal mass ejections
TL;DR: In this paper, the overall effectiveness of shock wave disturbances and CMFs in general in stimulating geomagnetic activity was explored using a recently appreciated capability for distinguishing CMEs in solar wind data in the form of counterstreaming solar wind electron events.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transport of solar wind into Earth's magnetosphere through rolled-up Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices
H. Hasegawa,Masaki Fujimoto,Tai Phan,H. Rème,André Balogh,Malcolm Dunlop,C. Hashimoto,R. TanDokoro +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that during northward solar-wind magnetic field conditions—in the absence of active reconnection at low latitudes—there is aSolar-wind transport mechanism associated with the nonlinear phase of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability that can supply plasma sources for various space weather phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origin of interplanetary southward magnetic fields responsible for major magnetic storms near solar maximum (1978–1979)
TL;DR: In this article, simultaneous ISEE-3 field and plasma data were used to examine interplanetary phenomena associated with 10 major magnetic storms detected from August 16, 1978, to December 28, 1979, in a study of Gonzalez and Tsurutani (1987), and, in particular, to determine the origins of the southward magnetic fields which caused the storms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interplanetary origin of geomagnetic storms
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of a combination of a long-duration southward sheath magnetic field, followed by a magnetic cloud Bs event, and showed that double, and sometimes triple, IMF Bs events are important causes of such events.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
An empirical relationship between interplanetary conditions and Dst
TL;DR: In this article, an algorithm is presented for predicting the ground-based Dst index solely from a knowledge of the velocity and density of the solar wind and the north-south solar magnetospheric component of the interplanetary magnetic field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydromagnetic theory of geomagnetic storms
A. J. Dessler,Eugene N. Parker +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a hydromagnetic theory is presented which explains the average characteristics of geomagnetic storms and the recovery from the main phase is attributed to the relief of the stress on the magnetic field by the transfer of the energy of the trapped protons to neutral hydrogen by means of ion-atom charge exchange.
Journal ArticleDOI
A study of geomagnetic storms
Paul Perreault,Syun-Ichi Akasofu +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the interplanetary energy flux is estimated on the basis of the Poynting flux and its variations with the rate of energy dissipation in terms of: (1) the ring-current particle injection, (2) Joule dissipation, and (3) auroral particle injection for 15 major geomagnetic storms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quasi‐stationary corotating structure in the interplanetary medium
John M. Wilcox,Norman F. Ness +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a quasi-stationary co-rotating structure in interplanetary field observed with IMP-I SATELLITE during three solar rotations was observed with the ImP-I satellite.