Journal ArticleDOI
Estimates of Driver Mental Workload: A Long-Term Field Trial of Two Subsidiary Tasks
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TLDR
Indications of workload homeostasis were evident, as drivers appeared to modify their performance to keep workload within a comfortable range as well as with objective criteria of traffic density and speed.Abstract:
Two auditory subsidiary task measures of driver mental workload--delayed digit recall and random digit generation--were evaluated in a 4-year field trial. Van pool members performed the tasks for 2-minute periods while driving a mix of rural secondary roads, limited access expressways, high-density, limited-access urban drives, and downtown city streets on a daily commute from upstate New York to New York City. Data collected included the roadway being traveled, time of day, traffic conditions, vehicle density, speed, weather, brake applications, and driver's subjective difficulty rating. Subsidiary task degradation was a function of traffic density, average speed, and uncertainty. Weather conditions moderated these variables. Unpredictability of traffic appeared to be the major determinant of perceived difficulty. The digit recall task correlated with driver ratings of task difficulty and with a calculated driver workload index based on brake actuations per minute plus the log of vehicle speed. Although subjective difficulty ratings correlated with subsidiary task performance and with objective criteria of traffic density and speed, some dissociation was noted. Indications of workload homeostasis were evident, as drivers appeared to modify their performance to keep workload within a comfortable range.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
State of science: mental workload in ergonomics
TL;DR: This work provides a general overview of the current state of affairs regarding the understanding, measurement and application of MWL in the design of complex systems over the last three decades, and discusses contemporary challenges for applied research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivity of physiological measures for detecting systematic variations in cognitive demand from a working memory task: an on-road study across three age groups.
TL;DR: Confidence with which these measures may be applied to assess relative differences in mental workload when developing and optimizing human machine interface (HMI) designs and in exploring their potential role in advanced workload detection and augmented cognition systems is increased.
Journal ArticleDOI
A method to assess the driver mental workload: The driving activity load index (DALI)
TL;DR: This paper describes experiments conducted in the framework of the European project AIDE aiming at validating the DALI (driving activity load index), a tool set up to allow the evaluation of driver's mental workload while driving, with or without the support of in-vehicle systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safe driving in a green world: A review of driver performance benchmarks and technologies to support 'smart' driving
TL;DR: The benchmarks for safe and green driving are appraised, concluding that whilst they largely overlap, there are some specific circumstances in which the goals are in conflict.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paying attention behind the wheel: a framework for studying the role of attention in driving
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a conceptual framework to unify the research on attentional selection, which is based on the combination of two fundamental dimensions: selection with and without conscious awareness (controlled and automatic), and selection by innate and acquired cognitive mechanisms.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a multi-year research program to identify the factors associated with variations in subjective workload within and between different types of tasks are reviewed, including task-, behavior-, and subject-related correlates of subjective workload experiences.
Book
Handbook of perception and human performance
TL;DR: This handbook covers theory and methods; basic visual processes; auditory, kinesthetic, cutaneous, and vestibular senses; and space and motion perception; and human performance.
Book ChapterDOI
The Subjective Workload Assessment Technique: A Scaling Procedure for Measuring Mental Workload
Gary B. Reid,Thomas E. Nygren +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a subjective scaling approach, the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT), is proposed to capture the multidimensional nature of mental workload, which can be largely explained by three component factors: Time Load, Mental Effort Load, and Psychological Stress Load.