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Journal ArticleDOI

Etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.

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TLDR
The evidence on risk factors for penile cancer suggests that preventive measures that could be considered include prevention of phimosis, treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions, limiting PUVA treatment, smoking cessation and prophylactic prevention of HPV infection.
Abstract
Objective: To review the epidemiology of invasive cancer of the penis based on scientific publications identified by a Medline search from 1966-2000 for the keywords penis/penile, cancer/carcinoma and risk as well as the cited references in the identified papers. Results: Strong risk factors (OR >10) identified by case-control studies included phimosis, chronic inflammatory conditions such as balanopostitis and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and treatment with psoralen and ultraviolet A photo\chemotheraphy (PUVA). A consistent association was found between penile cancer and smoking that was dose-dependent and not explained by investigated confounding factors such as sexual history. Sexual history and self-reported history of condyloma were associated with a 3-5-fold increased penile cancer risk. Cervical cancer in the wife was not consistently associated with cancer of the penis in the husband. Circumcision was associated with penile cancer risk in ecological studies. In a case-control study, circumcision...

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

EAU Penile Cancer Guidelines 2009

TL;DR: Improvements in the management of SCC of the penis are reflected in changes in the guidelines, but the rarity of the disease precluded randomized studies, leading to low level of evidence and grade of recommendation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Human papillomavirus: epidemiology and public health.

TL;DR: Clinicians and patients will need to shift discussions of the mildly abnormal Papanicolaou test to consideration of HPV infection as a common sexually transmitted infection that rarely causes cervical cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI

Penile cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention

TL;DR: A systematic review of the literature evaluating penile carcinogenesis, risk factors and molecular mechanisms involved presents an overview of the different histologically and clinically identified precursor lesions of penile cancer and discusses the molecular pathogenesis, including the role of HPV.
References
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Book

Cancer Incidence in Five Continents

TL;DR: The aim of this study was to establish a database of histological groups and to provide a level of consistency and quality of data that could be applied in the design of future registries.
Journal ArticleDOI

History of Circumcision, Medical Conditions, and Sexual Activity and Risk of Penile Cancer

TL;DR: The results suggest that the absence of neonatal circumcision and potential resulting complications are associated with penile cancer, and medical conditions of the penis, sexual activity, infection with HPV, and smoking may increase the risk forPenile cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI

High prevalence of papillomavirus-associated penile intraepithelial neoplasia in sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

TL;DR: The concept that cervical carcinomas and precancerous lesions in women may be associated with genital papillomavirus infection in their male sexual partners is supported.
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