Open AccessJournal Article
Evaluation of the anti-cardiolipin antibody test: report of an international workshop held 4 April 1986.
TLDR
This study shows that properly performed ELISA or SRIA assays can be used to provide an accurate, reproducible, and quantitative measure of IgG and IgM aCL concentration in serum samples.Abstract:
Thirty laboratories from institutions in Britain, France, Italy, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and the USA participated in a workshop to evaluate the anti-cardiolipin (aCL) test. Participants were asked to measure IgG and IgM aCL in seven samples on each of three separate days. The seven samples were prepared so that IgG and IgM aCL concentrations were known before distribution. Twenty-three of 30 laboratories measuring IgG aCL had significant regression slopes (P less than 0.001) when optical absorbance readings or counts per minute were compared with IgG aCL concentration. Twenty-four of 28 laboratories measuring IgM aCL had significant regression slopes (P less than 0.001). Coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 81.1% to 98.7% for laboratories with valid IgG aCL assays and from 48.0% to 96.7% for valid IgM aCL assays. Valid assays had in common the use of 10% fetal calf or 10% adult bovine serum in PBS. Assays that were not valid had in common the use of PBS, PBS-Tween, or 0.3% gelatin as diluents. All laboratories with valid assays defined samples with high and moderate aCL levels as positive but there was no consensus about low positive samples. This study shows that properly performed ELISA or SRIA assays can be used to provide an accurate, reproducible, and quantitative measure of IgG and IgM aCL concentration in serum samples.read more
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Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus.
TL;DR: In 1992, Piette and colleagues suggested that the ACR revised criteria be reevaluated in light of the above discoveries, and the presence and clinical associations or antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with SLE was suggested.
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Antiphospholipid syndrome: Clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients
Ricard Cervera,J.C. Piette,Josep Font,Munther A. Khamashta,Yehuda Shoenfeld,María Teresa Camps,Søren Jacobsen,Gabriella Lakos,Angela Tincani,Irene Kontopoulou-Griva,Mauro Galeazzi,Pier Luigi Meroni,Ronald H. W. M. Derksen,Philip G. de Groot,Erika Gromnica-Ihle,Marta Baleva,Marta Mosca,Stefano Bombardieri,Frédéric Houssiau,Jean-Christophe Gris,Isabelle Quéré,Eric Hachulla,Carlos Vasconcelos,B. Roch,Antonio Fernández-Nebro,Marie Claire Boffa,Graham R. V. Hughes,Miguel Ingelmo +27 more
TL;DR: An association with SLE, the patient's sex, and the patient’s age at disease onset can modify the disease expression and define specific subsets of APS.
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The Management of Thrombosis in the Antiphospholipid-Antibody Syndrome
Munther A. Khamashta,Maria José Cuadrado,Fedza Mujic,Nick Taub,Beverley J. Hunt,Graham R. V. Hughes +5 more
TL;DR: The risk of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome is high and long-term anticoagulation therapy in which the international normalized ratio is maintained at or above 3 is advisable in these patients.
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The antiphospholipid syndrome. Diagnosis, management, and pathogenesis.
TL;DR: Clinically, major characteristics of the disorder have been defined, but the course of the disease and its relationship to other disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), need to be defined.
Journal Article
Antiphospholipid Antibodies: Anticardiolipin and the Lupus Anticoagulant in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and in Non-SLE Disorders
Paul E. Love,Samuel A. Santoro +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the prevalence of lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin in systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in non-SLE disorders was determined.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anticardiolipin antibodies: detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
E. N. Harris,Boey Ml,C G Mackworth-Young,A. E. Gharavi,B. M. Patel,S. Loizou,Graham R. V. Hughes +6 more
TL;DR: A new solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of anticardiolipin antibodies is 200-400 times more sensitive than the precipitation method used in the Venereal Disease Reference Laboratory test and appears to have predictive value for thrombosis in SLE and related disorders.
Journal Article
Measurement of anti-cardiolipin antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): standardization and quantitation of results.
TL;DR: A strong correlation was found between the ELISA and radioimmunoassay methods for measuring ACA of both IgG and IgM classes and should make it a useful and reliable method for clinical and experimental monitoring of patients with SLE and associated autoimmune disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obstetric complications associated with the lupus anticoagulant.
TL;DR: The corticosteroid and low-dose aspirin regimen appears to improve perinatal outcome in cases in which the mother has the lupus anticoagulant, but such practices as careful fetal surveillance and preterm delivery when appropriate are also important to successful obstetric management of such cases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibody to cardiolipin as a predictor of fetal distress or death in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Michael D. Lockshin,Maurice L. Druzin,Stephanie Goei,Tasneem Qamar,Margret S. Magid,Lois Jovanovic,Michael Ferenc +6 more
TL;DR: During a prospective study of pregnancies in women with systemic lupus erythematosus, the relation between antibody to cardiolipin, measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and midpregnancy fetal distress was examined and fetal death occurred in the subject with the highest level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibodies to cardiolipin in young survivors of myocardial infarction: an association with recurrent cardiovascular events
TL;DR: Antibodies to cardiolipin are common in young post-infarction patients and should be interpreted as markers of high risk for recurrent cardiovascular events.