Journal ArticleDOI
Fault activation by hydraulic fracturing in western Canada.
Xuewei Bao,David W. Eaton +1 more
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A template-based earthquake catalog from a seismically active Canadian shale play, combined with comprehensive injection data during a 4-month interval, shows that earthquakes are tightly clustered in space and time near hydraulic fracturing sites.Abstract:
Hydraulic fracturing has been inferred to trigger the majority of injection-induced earthquakes in western Canada, in contrast to the Midwestern United States, where massive saltwater disposal is the dominant triggering mechanism. A template-based earthquake catalog from a seismically active Canadian shale play, combined with comprehensive injection data during a 4-month interval, shows that earthquakes are tightly clustered in space and time near hydraulic fracturing sites. The largest event [moment magnitude (MW) 3.9] occurred several weeks after injection along a fault that appears to extend from the injection zone into crystalline basement. Patterns of seismicity indicate that stress changes during operations can activate fault slip to an offset distance of >1 km, whereas pressurization by hydraulic fracturing into a fault yields episodic seismicity that can persist for months.read more
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Current challenges in monitoring, discrimination, and management of induced seismicity related to underground industrial activities: A European perspective
Francesco Grigoli,Simone Cesca,Enrico Priolo,Antonio Pio Rinaldi,John Clinton,Tony Alfredo Stabile,Bernard Dost,Mariano Garcia Fernandez,Stefan Wiemer,Torsten Dahm +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a unified and concise summary of the still open questions related to monitoring, discrimination, and management of induced seismicity in the European context and, when possible, provide potential answers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydraulic Fracturing-Induced Seismicity
Ryan Schultz,Robert J. Skoumal,Michael R. Brudzinski,David W. Eaton,Brian Baptie,William L. Ellsworth +5 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Fault reactivation and earthquakes with magnitudes of up to Mw4.7 induced by shale-gas hydraulic fracturing in Sichuan Basin, China
TL;DR: It would be beneficial for the geoscience, gas operator, regulator, and academic communities to work collectively to elucidate the local factors governing the high level of injection-induced seismicity, with the ultimate goal of ensuring that shale gas fracking can be carried out effectively and safely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydraulic fracturing volume is associated with induced earthquake productivity in the Duvernay play
TL;DR: It is shown that induced earthquakes are associated with completions that used larger injection volumes and that seismic productivity scales linearly with injection volume, and that geological factors play a prominent role in seismic productivity, as evidenced by spatial correlations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of aseismic slip in hydraulic fracturing-induced seismicity.
Thomas S. Eyre,David W. Eaton,Dmitry I. Garagash,Megan Zecevic,Marco Venieri,Ronald Weir,Donald C. Lawton +6 more
TL;DR: An alternative model is invoked, wherein distal, unstable regions of a fault are progressively loaded by aseismic slip on proximal, stable regions stimulated by hydraulic fracturing, which predicts that dynamic rupture initiates when the creep front impinges on a fault region where rock composition favors dynamic and slip rate weakening behavior.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space
TL;DR: A complete set of closed analytical expressions for the internal displacements and strains due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space for both point and finite rectangular sources is presented in this paper.
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A Double-Difference Earthquake Location Algorithm: Method and Application to the Northern Hayward Fault, California
TL;DR: In this paper, a least square solver is found by iteratively adjusting the vector difference between hypocentral pairs to minimize residuals between observed and theoretical travel-time differences.
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Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes
TL;DR: In this article, a Coulomb failure criterion was proposed for the production of aftershocks, where faults most likely to slip are those optimally orientated for failure as a result of the prevailing regional stress field and the stress change caused by the mainshock.
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Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting: I. Mechanics of fluid-filled porous solids and its application to overthrust faulting
M. King Hubbert,William W. Rubey +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the critical value of the shearing stress can be made arbitrarily small simply by increasing the fluid pressure p. This can be further simplified by expressing p in terms of S by means of the equation which, when introduced into equation (4), gives
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Injection-Induced Earthquakes
TL;DR: The current understanding of the causes and mechanics of earthquakes caused by human activity, including injection of wastewater into deep formations and emerging technologies related to oil and gas recovery, is reviewed.