Journal ArticleDOI
Foreign Policy Decision-Making and the EnvironmentThe Claims of Snyder, Brecher, and the Sprouts
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In this paper, the relationship between environmental factors, decision makers' perceptions of these factors and state decisions may be a good deal more complex than supposed either by Snyder or Brecher, or by the Sprouts, and that environmental factors may play a larger role in this relationship than they each suppose.Abstract:
Underlying the analyses of Snyder, Brecher, and the Sprouts is a common contention regarding the relationship between environmental influences and foreign policy decisions: that environmental factors influence foreign policy decisions neither invariably nor directly, but only insofar as they affect or are mediated through the perceptions and attitudes of relevant decision makers. With regard to this claim, this paper suggests that (1) the criticisms Zinnes has directed against the Sprouts' formulation of this thesis are irrelevant or unconvincing; (2) close examination of their respective arguments reveals certain significant differences between Snyder and Brecher on the one hand, and the Sprouts on the other; and (3) the relationship between environmental factors, decision makers' perceptions of these factors, and state decisions may be a good deal more complex than supposed either by Snyder or Brecher, or by the Sprouts, and that environmental factors may play a larger role in this relationship than they each suppose.read more
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BookDOI
Psychology and Foreign Policy Decision-Making
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the role of individual political leaders in the analysis of international relations and foreign policy, focusing on the beliefs, personalities, emotions, perceptions, and decision-making processes of individual leaders.
Dissertation
Thinking Security:A Reflectivist Approach to Franceâs Security Policy-Making in sub-Saharan Africa
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the mere analysis of policy outcomes tells us little about the actual motivations that drive French foreign and security policy in sub-Saharan Africa, and they use the actors' own utterances to explain why French decision-makers are ready to accept the considerable risks and costs involved in guaranteeing or re-establishing the security of African countries.
Book ChapterDOI
A Methodological Introduction
TL;DR: The study of international relations generally and foreign policy in particular has suffered, until recently, from an excessive concentration on the external activities of the great and medium powers, neglecting in the process the foreign policy behaviour of the countries of the third world as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bringing the In‐Between Back in: Foreign Policy in Global Environmental Politics
TL;DR: The authors describes foreign policy in the context of global environmental politics and discusses the potential utility of foreign policy analysis to help scholars and policy makers to better explore, comprehend, and possibly mitigate the human impact on the environment.
References
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Book
Perception and misperception in international politics
TL;DR: Jervis's work on perception and misperception in foreign policy was a landmark in the application of cognitive psychology to political decision-making as mentioned in this paper, and has been widely used in the literature.
Book
Conceptual models and the Cuban missile crisis
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore some of the fundamental assumptions and categories employed by analysts in thinking about problems of governmental behavior, especially in foreign and military affairs, and argue that marked improvement in our understanding of such events depends critically on more selfconsciousness about what observers bring to the analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative International Politics: Insights and Evidence
Journal ArticleDOI
Theory building and the statistical concept of interaction.
TL;DR: It is impossible to find a non-diagonal matrix P such that ( 11 ) satisfies the structural conditions of (10), and premultiplication by P violates the condition derived from the assumption that implicit factors are uncorrelated.