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Journal ArticleDOI

Form and function of retroviral proviruses

Harold E. Varmus
- 21 May 1982 - 
- Vol. 216, Iss: 4548, pp 812-820
TLDR
Retroviruses have proved to be useful reagents for studying genetic and epigenetic changes in eukaryotic cells, and their capacity to establish a DNA (proviral) form of their RNA genomes as a stable component of host chromosomes, in either somatic or germinal cells.
Abstract
Retroviruses have proved to be useful reagents for studying genetic and epigenetic (such as regulatory) changes in eukaryotic cells, for assessing functional and structural relationships between transposable genetic elements, for inducing insertional mutations, including some important in oncogenesis, and for transporting genes into eukaryotic cells, either after natural transduction of putative cellular oncogenes or after experimental construction of recombinant viruses. Many of these properties of retroviruses depend on their capacity to establish a DNA (proviral) form of their RNA genomes as a stable component of host chromosomes, in either somatic or germinal cells.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Construction of a retrovirus packaging mutant and its use to produce helper-free defective retrovirus

TL;DR: PMOV-psi- has a defect in the packaging of genomic RNA into virions but can provide in trans the products necessary for virion production, and can be used to produce helper-free stocks of natural or synthetic defective retroviruses.
Journal ArticleDOI

The molecular genetics of cancer

TL;DR: Diverse examples of genetic damage are in hand, and they in turn hint at biochemical explanations for neoplastic growth, suggesting the way may be open to solve the riddles of how normal cells govern their replication and why cancer cells do not.
Journal ArticleDOI

Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: complete nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome integrated in leukemia cell DNA.

TL;DR: The provirus of ATLV integrated in DNA of leukemia T cells from a patient with ATL was molecularly cloned and the complete nucleotide sequence of the proviral genome was determined.
Journal ArticleDOI

The human insulin receptor cDNA: The structural basis for hormone-activated transmembrane signalling

TL;DR: A cloned approximately 5 kb cDNA (human placenta) contains the coding sequences for the insulin receptor; the nucleotide sequence predicts a 1382 amino acid precursor and the overall structure is reminiscent of the EGF receptor.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nucleic acid structure and expression of the human AIDS/lymphadenopathy retrovirus.

TL;DR: The 9,213-nucleotide structure of the AIDS/ lymphadenopathy virus has been determined from molecular clones representing the integrated provirus and viral RNA and the sequence reveals that the virus is highly polymorphic and lacks significant nucleotide homology with type C retroviruses characterized previously.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Organization and Expression of Eucaryotic Split Genes Coding for Proteins

TL;DR: This paper organizes the organization of protein codes into split genes, a small number of which are expressed in the chickenuct, and discusses generalization, generalization and Molecular Evolution.

Expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins

TL;DR: In this paper, the split genes were described as follows: Globin genes expressed in the chicken o,iduct, Vitellogenin genes, Collagen genes and Actin genes.
Journal ArticleDOI

DNA methylation and gene function

Aharon Razin, +1 more
- 07 Nov 1980 - 
TL;DR: There is now reason to believe, from recent studies, that DNA methylation is a key element in the hierarchy of control mechanisms that govern vertebrate gene function and differentiation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Chromosomal subunits in active genes have an altered conformation

TL;DR: The results indicate that active genes are probably associated with histones in a subunit conformation in which the associated DNA is particularly sensitive to digestion by deoxyribonuclease I.
Journal ArticleDOI

Activation of a cellular onc gene by promoter insertion in ALV-induced lymphoid leukosis

TL;DR: The data indicate that, as a rare event, the ALV provirus integrates adjacent to the c-myc gene and that transcription, initiating from a viral promoter, causes enhanced expression of c- myc, leading to neoplastic transformation.
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