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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Functional Data Analysis

TLDR
In this article, the authors provide an overview of FDA, starting with simple statistical notions such as mean and covariance functions, then covering some core techniques, the most popular of which is functional principal component analysis (FPCA).
Abstract
With the advance of modern technology, more and more data are being recorded continuously during a time interval or intermittently at several discrete time points. These are both examples of functional data, which has become a commonly encountered type of data. Functional data analysis (FDA) encompasses the statistical methodology for such data. Broadly interpreted, FDA deals with the analysis and theory of data that are in the form of functions. This paper provides an overview of FDA, starting with simple statistical notions such as mean and covariance functions, then covering some core techniques, the most popular of which is functional principal component analysis (FPCA). FPCA is an important dimension reduction tool, and in sparse data situations it can be used to impute functional data that are sparsely observed. Other dimension reduction approaches are also discussed. In addition, we review another core technique, functional linear regression, as well as clustering and classification of functional d...

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Journal ArticleDOI

An Inverse Reinforcement Learning Approach for Customizing Automated Lane Change Systems

TL;DR: This study introduces a systematic paradigm that starts with naturalistic driving data to identify the driving behaviors and styles for a customized automated lane change system that outperforms all the other systems with respect to the prediction accuracy of the lane change actions.
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Basis expansions for functional snippets

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate mean and covariance estimation for functional snippets in which observations from a subject are available only in an interval of length strictly (and often much) shorter than the length of the whole interval of interest.
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Cross-Validation, Information Theory, or Maximum Likelihood? A Comparison of Tuning Methods for Penalized Splines

TL;DR: This paper explores the practical performance of six popular tuning methods under a variety of simulated and real data situations and reveals that maximum likelihood methods outperform the popular cross-validation methods in most situations—especially in the presence of correlated errors.
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Quantifying and Visualizing Intraregional Connectivity in Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Correlation Densities.

TL;DR: Methods from functional data analysis are implemented, including a recently developed method of dimensionality reduction specifically tailored to the analysis of probability distributions that facilitate the discovery and interpretation of specific region-score associations.
Journal ArticleDOI

Functional variable selection via Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization for multiple functional linear regression

TL;DR: In this paper, a new functional linear model is proposed for high-throughput studies such as meteorological and biomedical research, which is of great practical importance, as exemplified by applications in high throughput studies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding.

TL;DR: Locally linear embedding (LLE) is introduced, an unsupervised learning algorithm that computes low-dimensional, neighborhood-preserving embeddings of high-dimensional inputs that learns the global structure of nonlinear manifolds.
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A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction.

TL;DR: An approach to solving dimensionality reduction problems that uses easily measured local metric information to learn the underlying global geometry of a data set and efficiently computes a globally optimal solution, and is guaranteed to converge asymptotically to the true structure.
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Generalized Additive Models.

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Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition

TL;DR: This paper reports on an optimum dynamic progxamming (DP) based time-normalization algorithm for spoken word recognition, in which the warping function slope is restricted so as to improve discrimination between words in different categories.
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Generalized Additive Models

TL;DR: The class of generalized additive models is introduced, which replaces the linear form E fjXj by a sum of smooth functions E sj(Xj), and has the advantage of being completely auto- matic, i.e., no "detective work" is needed on the part of the statistician.