Genetic divergence along the speciation continuum: the transition from host race to species in rhagoletis (Diptera: tephritidae).
Thomas H. Q. Powell,Glen R. Hood,Mason O. Murphy,Jeffrey S. Heilveil,Jeffrey S. Heilveil,Stewart H. Berlocher,Patrik Nosil,Jeffrey L. Feder +7 more
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The results imply that Rhagoletis sibling species such as the flowering dogwood fly represent host races writ large, with the transition to species status primarily resulting from increased divergence of the same regions separating apple and hawthorn flies.Abstract:
Studies of related populations varying in their degrees of reproductive isolation can provide insights into speciation. Here, the transition from partially isolated host races to more fully separated sibling species is investigated by comparing patterns of genetic differentiation between recently evolved (∼150 generations) apple and ancestral hawthorn-infesting populations of Rhagoletis pomonella to their sister taxon, the undescribed flowering dogwood fly attacking Cornus florida. No fixed or diagnostic private alleles differentiating the three populations were found at any of 23 microsatellites and 10 allozymes scored. Nevertheless, allele frequency differences were sufficient across loci for flowering dogwood fly populations from multiple localities to form a diagnosable genotypic cluster distinct from apple and hawthorn flies, indicative of species status. Genome-wide patterns of differentiation were correlated between the host races and species pair comparisons along the majority of chromosomes, suggesting that similar disruptive selection pressures affect most loci. However, differentiation was more pronounced, with some additional regions showing elevated divergence, for the species pair comparison. Our results imply that Rhagoletis sibling species such as the flowering dogwood fly represent host races writ large, with the transition to species status primarily resulting from increased divergence of the same regions separating apple and hawthorn flies.read more
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I. the origin of species by means of natural selection
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Theoretical models of the influence of genomic architecture on the dynamics of speciation
TL;DR: The results complement and extend existing theory on alternative stable states during population divergence, distinct phases of speciation and the rapid emergence of multilocus barriers to gene flow, and are a step towards aligning population genomic theory with modern empirical studies.
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Tipping points in the dynamics of speciation.
TL;DR: Tools used to understand other complex systems could be fruitfully applied in speciation research, such as when small changes at tipping points have large effects on differentiation.
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Experimental evidence of genome‐wide impact of ecological selection during early stages of speciation‐with‐gene‐flow
Scott P. Egan,Scott P. Egan,Gregory J. Ragland,Gregory J. Ragland,Lauren A. Assour,Thomas H. Q. Powell,Thomas H. Q. Powell,Glen R. Hood,Scott J. Emrich,Patrik Nosil,Jeffrey L. Feder +10 more
TL;DR: A striking genome‐wide similarity between experimental and natural populations of R. pomonella underscores the importance of ecological selection at early stages of divergence and calls for further integration of studies of eco‐evolutionary dynamics and genome divergence.
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Revisiting the particular role of host shifts in initiating insect speciation.
Andrew A. Forbes,Sara N. Devine,Alaine C. Hippee,Eric S. Tvedte,Anna K. G. Ward,Heather A. Widmayer,Caleb J. Wilson +6 more
TL;DR: It is clarified that host shifts absolutely can and do initiate speciation, and the fraction of all insect speciation events to which host shifts have contributed is agnostic.
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