Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic susceptibility to cholera
Myron M. Levine,D R Nalin,Margaret B. Rennels,Richard B. Hornick,Steven B. Sotman,G A van Blerk,Timothy P. Hughes,S O'Donnell,D Barua +8 more
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TLDR
While no correlation was found between HLA type and severity of cholera, these results do support the claims of other investigators that blood group O is found more frequently in patients with severe cholERA than in the normal population.Abstract:
In the course of studies of immunity to experimental cholera in man, 10(5) or 10(6) Vibrio cholerae were given to 66 college students and other community volunteers under quarantine in an isolation ward. HLA antigen and blood group determinations were carried out to test the hypothesis that severity of clinical cholera is dependent in part upon genetically-determined host susceptibility. Fifty-five volunteers developed diarrhoea; 38 had mild illness and 17 had severe cholera (stool volume greater than or equal to 5.0 litres). HLA antigens were found in similar frequency in volunteers with severe, mild or no diarrhoea; antigen A1, A2, A3 and B7 were most common. Blood group O, however, was found in 64% of persons with severe cholera versus 36-38% of volunteers with mild or absent illness. Thus, while no correlation was found between HLA type and severity of cholera, these results do support the claims of other investigators that blood group O is found more frequently in patients with severe cholera than in the normal population.read more
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Genetics of susceptibility to human infectious disease
Graham S Cooke,Adrian V. S. Hill +1 more
TL;DR: Developments in genetics have allowed a more systematic study of the impact that the human genome and infectious disease have on each other, and have confirmed heritability of susceptibility to several infectious diseases.
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Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility
TL;DR: Several distinct phenotypes associated with increased host resistance to malaria are overrepresented in populations living in areas where malaria is endemic, as a result of evolutionary pressures.
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Hyperinfectivity: A Critical Element in the Ability of V. cholerae to Cause Epidemics?
TL;DR: To have maximal impact on limiting epidemic spread of cholera, interventions should be targeted toward minimizing risk of transmission of the short-lived, hyperinfectious form of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volunteer studies of deletion mutants of Vibrio cholerae O1 prepared by recombinant techniques.
Myron M. Levine,J B Kaper,D A Herrington,Genevieve Losonsky,J G Morris,Mary Lou Clements,Robert E. Black,Ben D. Tall,R H Hall +8 more
TL;DR: Diarrhea occurred in 7 of 8 controls but in only 1 of 10 vaccines (P less than 0.003, 89% vaccine efficacy), demonstrating the potency of immune mechanisms that do not involve cholera antitoxin.
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Aspects of genetic susceptibility to human infectious diseases.
TL;DR: The great majority of susceptibility loci remain to be identified and the advent of large-scale genome-wide association scans offers a new approach to defining many of these.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Escherichia coli strains that cause diarrhœa but do not produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins and are non-invasive
Myron M. Levine,David R. Nalin,Richard B. Hornick,ErickJ. Bergquist,DanielH. Waterman,CharlesR. Young,Steven B. Sotman,Bernard Rowe +7 more
TL;DR: Three enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from outbreaks of infantile diarrhoea and one strain from the "normal" colonic flora of a healthy adult and fed in doses of 10(6), 10(8), and 10(10) organisms in NaHCO3 to adult volunteers gave negative results in sensitive tests for heat-labile (L.T.T.) enterotoxin, invasiveness, and gross fluid accumulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interaction of cholera toxin and membrane GM1 ganglioside of small intestine.
TL;DR: A relationship in the intestinal mucosa between the GM1 ganglioside concentration, the number of binding sites for cholera toxin, and the sensitivity to the biologic action of the toxin is demonstrated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Arthritis associated with Yersinia enterocolitica infection.
Ahvonen P,Kai Sievers,K Aho +2 more
TL;DR: A significant reduction in the Y.enterocolitica titer took place within three months in every case, and the duration of the arthritis was from one week to five months in the 15 cases in which the arthritis subsided during the follow-up period of eight to eleven months.
Journal ArticleDOI
Response of man to infection with Vibrio cholerae. I. Clinical, serologic, and bacteriologic responses to a known inoculum.
Richard A. Cash,S. I. Music,Joseph P. Libonati,Merrill J. Snyder,Richard P. Wenzel,Richard B. Hornick +5 more
TL;DR: The spectrum of illness and the immunologic response produced by cholera in volunteers were studied and Titers of vibriocidal antibody rose after diarrhea, peaked the second week after challenge, and rapidly fell during the next four weeks.
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Adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to pig intestinal brush borders: the existence of two pig phenotypes.
TL;DR: The incidence of the two phenotypes in litters indicated that "positive" and " negative" piglets arose as a result of simple Mendelian inheritance and it is suggested that "negative" pigs could be bred and that they might have a natural resistance to neonatal infection with K88-positive E. coli.