Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms, Treatment, and Complications.
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TLDR
The most clinically and cost-effective methods of screening for GDM remain uncertain and the long-term impact for the offspring of intrauterine exposure to antidiabetic medication remains unclear.Abstract:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disturbance during pregnancy. The prevalence is rising and correlates with the increase in maternal obesity over recent decades. The etiology of GDM is complex, with genetic and environmental factors implicated in mechanistic and epidemiological studies. GDM begets important short- and long-term health risks for the mother, developing fetus, and offspring. This includes the high likelihood of subsequent maternal type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and possible adverse cardiometabolic phenotypes in the offspring. The most clinically and cost-effective methods of screening for GDM remain uncertain. Whilst treatments with lifestyle and pharmacological interventions have demonstrated short-term benefits, the long-term impact for the offspring of intrauterine exposure to antidiabetic medication remains unclear.read more
Citations
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References
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Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Boyd E. Metzger,Lynn P. Lowe,Alan R. Dyer,Elisabeth R. Trimble,Udom Chaovarindr,Donald R. Coustan,David R. Hadden,David R. McCance,Moshe Hod,Harold David McIntyre,Jeremy Oats,Bengt Persson,Michael S. Rogers,David A. Sacks +13 more
TL;DR: The results indicate strong, continuous associations of maternal glucose levels below those diagnostic of diabetes with increased birth weight and increased cord-blood serum C-peptide levels.
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International association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy.
Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel,Boyd E. Metzger,Steven G. Gabbe,Bengt Persson,Thomas A. Buchanan,Patrick A Catalano,Peter Damm,Alan R. Dyer,Alberto de Leiva,Moshe Hod,John L Kitzmiler,Lynn P. Lowe,H. David McIntyre,Jeremy Oats,Yasue Omori,Maria Inês Schmidt +15 more
TL;DR: The Brazilian study provided evidence that adverse perinatal outcomes are associated with levels of maternal glycemia below those diagnostic of GDM by American Diabetes Association or World Health Organization criteria, however, the results were potentially confounded by the treatment of G DM.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes
Caroline A Crowther,Janet E. Hiller,John R. Moss,Andrew J McPhee,William S. Jeffries,Jeffrey S. Robinson +5 more
TL;DR: Treatment of gestational diabetes reduces serious perinatal morbidity and may also improve the woman's health-related quality of life.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies in which women who had developed type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes were followed up between Jan 1, 1960, and Jan 31, 2009 to assess the strength of association between these conditions and the effect of factors that might modify the risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
TL;DR: Differences in rates of progression between ethnic groups was reduced by adjustment for various lengths of follow-up and testing rates, so that women appeared to progress to type 2 diabetes at similar rates after a diagnosis of GDM.