Journal ArticleDOI
Get real: putting models of climate change and species interactions in practice
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TLDR
Whether competition has altered the responses of Caribbean Anolis lizards to recent warming is illustrated and it is found that forested habitat has become more suitable for a warm‐adapted, open species, and less suited for a cool‐ Adapted forest inhabitant.Abstract:
Forecasts of the ecological impacts of climate change are generally focused on direct impacts to individual species. Theory and case studies suggest that indirect effects associated with species interactions may alter these direct responses. How can we tractably predict in which cases indirect effects are likely to be important and appropriately model the interaction of abiotic and biotic drivers? One viable strategy is to characterize partitioning between species along thermal, temporal, and spatial niche axes. The partitioning can be informed by assessing functional traits. Mechanistic models can then be applied to predict how climate change will alter niche partitioning. I illustrate this approach by asking whether competition has altered the responses of Caribbean Anolis lizards to recent warming and find that forested habitat has become more suitable for a warm-adapted, open species, and less suitable for a cool-adapted forest inhabitant. Competition may result in competitive displacement of the cool-adapted species as the warm-adapted species moves into the forest. Species interactions may accentuate abundance and distribution shifts predicted in response to climate change along the elevation gradient.read more
Citations
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Climate change and Ixodes tick-borne diseases of humans
TL;DR: Both mechanistic and phenomenological models suggest dramatic range expansions of Ixodes ticks and tick-borne disease as the climate warms, however, the predicted distributions vary strongly with the models' assumptions, which are rarely tested against reasonable alternatives.
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A framework for using niche models to estimate impacts of climate change on species distributions
TL;DR: This work states that for the vast majority of species, correlative approaches are the most feasible avenue for building niche models and follows critical principles for selecting predictor variables and occurrence data, demonstrating effective performance in prediction across space, and extrapolating into nonanalog conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abiotic and biotic constraints across reptile and amphibian ranges
TL;DR: This hypothesis that species range limits are primarily determined by abiotic factors at poleward boundaries and biotic factors at equatorward boundaries is tested and suggests that factors other than climate limit distributions at southern boundaries for reptiles and at northern boundaries for amphibians do not hold.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large niche differences emerge at the recruitment stage to stabilize grassland coexistence
Chengjin Chu,Peter B. Adler +1 more
TL;DR: Using multispecies population models fit to long-term demographic data for common, co-occurring species in five grassland and shrubland plant communities in western North America, the strength of stabilizing niche differences and average fitness differences is estimated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Warming, Resource Availability, and the Metabolic Meltdown of Ectotherms.
TL;DR: A simple bioenergetic model is developed that explores how fixed temperatures and food jointly alter the thermal sensitivity of net energy gain, and predicts that decreased food intake reduces growth rates, lowers optimal temperatures for growth, and lowers the highest temperatures sustaining growth.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude.
Curtis Deutsch,Joshua J. Tewksbury,Raymond B. Huey,Kimberly S. Sheldon,Cameron K. Ghalambor,David C. Haak,Paul R. Martin,Paul R. Martin +7 more
TL;DR: The results show that warming in the tropics, although relatively small in magnitude, is likely to have the most deleterious consequences because tropical insects are relatively sensitive to temperature change and are currently living very close to their optimal temperature, so that warming may even enhance their fitness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global change and species interactions in terrestrial ecosystems.
TL;DR: It is concluded that in order to reliably predict the effects of GEC on community and ecosystem processes, the greatest single challenge will be to determine how biotic and abiotic context alters the direction and magnitude of G EC effects on biotic interactions.
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Physiology and Climate Change
TL;DR: Studies of physiological mechanisms are needed to predict climate effects on ecosystems at species and community levels and to help scientists understand the drivers of climate change.
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Mechanistic niche modelling: combining physiological and spatial data to predict species' ranges.
TL;DR: Here, the principles of biophysical ecology can be used to link spatial data to the physiological responses and constraints of organisms, which provides a mechanistic view of the fundamental niche which can then be mapped to the landscape to infer range constraints.
Journal ArticleDOI
Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress.
Ragan M. Callaway,Robin W. Brooker,Philippe Choler,Zaal Kikvidze,Christopher J. Lortie,Richard Michalet,Leonardo Paolini,Francisco I. Pugnaire,Beth A. Newingham,Erik T. Aschehoug,Erik T. Aschehoug,Cristina Armas,David Kikodze,Bradley J. Cook +13 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the biomass, growth and reproduction of alpine plant species are higher when other plants are nearby, and that competition generally, but not exclusively, dominates interactions at lower elevations where conditions are less physically stressful.