Journal ArticleDOI
Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries
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TLDR
In this article, a spatially resolved global reconstructions of annual surface temperature patterns over the past six centuries are based on the multivariate calibration of widely distributed high-resolution proxy climate indicators.Abstract:
Spatially resolved global reconstructions of annual surface temperature patterns over the past six centuries are based on the multivariate calibration of widely distributed high-resolution proxy climate indicators. Time-dependent correlations of the reconstructions with time-series records representing changes in greenhouse-gas concentrations, solar irradiance, and volcanic aerosols suggest that each of these factors has contributed to the climate variability of the past 400 years, with greenhouse gases emerging as the dominant forcing during the twentieth century. Northern Hemisphere mean annual temperatures for three of the past eight years are warmer than any other year since (at least) ad 1400.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years
TL;DR: A 21st-century global warming projection far exceeds the natural variability of the past 1000 years and is greater than the best estimate of global temperature change for the last interglacial.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly
Michael E. Mann,Zhihua Zhang,Scott Rutherford,Raymond S. Bradley,Malcolm K. Hughes,Drew Shindell,Caspar M. Ammann,Greg Faluvegi,Fenbiao Ni +8 more
TL;DR: The Medieval period is found to display warmth that matches or exceeds that of the past decade in some regions, but which falls well below recent levels globally, and the Little Ice Age is marked by a tendency for La Niña–like conditions in the tropical Pacific.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global temperature change.
TL;DR: Comparison of measured sea surface temperatures in the Western Pacific with paleoclimate data suggests that this critical ocean region is approximately as warm now as at the Holocene maximum and within ≈1°C of the maximum temperature of the past million years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment.
Julio A. Camargo,Álvaro Alonso +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a global assessment of the effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems is presented, with detailed multi-scale data, and three major environmental problems: (1) increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions in freshwater ecosystems without much acid-neutralizing capacity, resulting in acidification of those systems; (2) stimulating or enhancing the development, maintenance and proliferation of primary producers, leading to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems; (3) reaching toxic levels that impair the ability of aquatic animals to survive, grow and reproduce.
Journal ArticleDOI
Northern Hemisphere Temperatures During the Past Millennium: Inferences, Uncertainties, and Limitations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors attempt hemispheric temperature reconstructions with proxy data networks for the past millennium, focusing not just on the reconstructions, but the uncertainties therein, and important caveats.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation
TL;DR: An evaluation of the atmospheric moisture budget reveals coherent large-scale changes since 1980 that are linked to recent dry conditions over southern Europe and the Mediterranean, whereas northern Europe and parts of Scandinavia have generally experienced wetter than normal conditions.
Book
Principal Component Analysis in Meteorology and Oceanography
TL;DR: An overview of principal component analysis (PCA) can be found in this article, where a brief history of PCA is presented, as well as a comparison of different modes of analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analyses of global sea surface temperature 1856–1991
Alexey Kaplan,Mark A. Cane,Yochanan Kushnir,Amy C. Clement,M. Benno Blumenthal,Balaji Rajagopalan +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used three statistically based methods: optimal smoothing (OS), the Kalrnan filter (KF), and optimal interpolation (OI), along with estimates of the error covariance of the analyzed fields.
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An oscillation in the global climate system of period 65–70 years
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply singular spectrum analysis to four global-mean surface temperature records and identify a temperature oscillation with a period of 65-70 years over the North Atlantic Ocean and its bounding Northern Hemisphere continents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Robust estimation of background noise and signal detection in climatic time series
Michael E. Mann,Jonathan Lees +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a technique for isolating climate signals in time series with a characteristic "red" noise background which arises from temporal persistence, which is estimated by a robust procedure that is largely unbiased by the presence of signals immersed in the noise.