Health effects associated with smoking: a Burden of Proof study
Xiaochen Dai,Gabriela Fernanda Gil,Marissa B Reitsma,Noah S Ahmad,Jason A. Anderson,Catherine Bisignano,Sinclair Carr,Rachel Feldman,Simon I. Hay,Jiawei He,Vincent C. Iannucci,Hilary R Lawlor,Matthew J Malloy,Laurie B. Marczak,Susan A. McLaughlin,Larissa Morikawa,Erin C Mullany,Sneha I. Nicholson,Erin M. O’Connell,Chukwuma Odii Okereke,Reed J D Sorensen,Joanna L Whisnant,Aleksandr Y. Aravkin,Peng Zheng,Christopher J L Murray,Emmanuela Gakidou +25 more
TLDR
In this article , the authors re-estimated the dose-response relationship between current smoking and 36 health outcomes by conducting systematic reviews up to 31 May 2022, employing a meta-analytic method that incorporates between-study heterogeneity into estimates of uncertainty.Abstract:
As a leading behavioral risk factor for numerous health outcomes, smoking is a major ongoing public health challenge. Although evidence on the health effects of smoking has been widely reported, few attempts have evaluated the dose-response relationship between smoking and a diverse range of health outcomes systematically and comprehensively. In the present study, we re-estimated the dose-response relationships between current smoking and 36 health outcomes by conducting systematic reviews up to 31 May 2022, employing a meta-analytic method that incorporates between-study heterogeneity into estimates of uncertainty. Among the 36 selected outcomes, 8 had strong-to-very-strong evidence of an association with smoking, 21 had weak-to-moderate evidence of association and 7 had no evidence of association. By overcoming many of the limitations of traditional meta-analyses, our approach provides comprehensive, up-to-date and easy-to-use estimates of the evidence on the health effects of smoking. These estimates provide important information for tobacco control advocates, policy makers, researchers, physicians, smokers and the public. read more
Citations
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The Burden of Proof studies: assessing the evidence of risk
Peng Zheng,Ashkan Afshin,Stan Biryukov,Catherine Bisignano,Michael Brauer,Dana Bryazka,Katrin Burkart,Kelly Cercy,Leslie Cornaby,Xiaochen Dai,M. Ashworth Dirac,Kara Estep,Kairsten Fay,Rachel Feldman,Alize J. Ferrari,Emmanuela Gakidou,Gabriela Fernanda Gil,Max Griswold,Simon I. Hay,Jiawei He,Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine,Nicholas J Kassebaum,Kate E. LeGrand,Haley Lescinsky,Stephen S Lim,Justin Y. Lo,Erin C Mullany,Kanyin Ong,Puja C Rao,Christian Razo,Marissa B Reitsma,Gregory A. Roth,Damian Santomauro,Reed J D Sorensen,Vinay Srinivasan,Jeffrey D. Stanaway,Stein Emil Vollset,Theo Vos,Nelson Wang,Catherine A. Welgan,Sarah Wozniak,Aleksandr Y. Aravkin,Christopher J L Murray +42 more
TL;DR: The burden of proof risk function (BPRF) as mentioned in this paper was proposed to quantify and rank the magnitude of these myriad effects and the uncertainty in their estimation, leaving room for interpretation that can fuel academic controversy and add to confusion when communicating risk.
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Studies linking diet with health must get a whole lot better
TL;DR: A research-rating system has identified gaps in studies that assess the connection between diet and various health risks.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Relaxation Approach to Feature Selection for Linear Mixed Effects Models
TL;DR: A relaxation strategy and optimization methods that enable a wide range of variable selection methods for LMEs using both convex and nonconvex regularizers are proposed, and the numerical results indicate that the proposed strategy improves on the state of the art for both accuracy and compute time.
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Lifestyle Factors in Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Contemporary Picture of Tobacco Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, Body Mass Index, and Levels of Physical Activity.
James W.F. Catto,Zoe Rogers,Amy Downing,Samantha J Mason,Ibrahim Jubber,Sarah Bottomley,Mark Conner,Kate Absolom,Adam Glaser +8 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated contemporary lifestyle choices in patients with bladder cancer (BC) using self-reported surveys from participants diagnosed with BC in the previous 10 years and found that the use of e-cigarettes was uncommon (9%) and at lower rates than the age-equivalent general population.
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