Ichthyosis vulgaris: the filaggrin mutation disease.
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TLDR
This clinical review article provides an overview of ichthyosis vulgaris epidemiology, related disorders and pathomechanisms and suggests that carriers of FLG mutations may have a generally altered risk of developing common diseases, even beyond atopic disorders.Abstract:
Ichthyosis vulgaris is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) and is characterized clinically by xerosis, scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. According to the published studies presented in this review article, FLG mutations are observed in approximately 7·7% of Europeans and 3·0% of Asians, but appear to be infrequent in darker-skinned populations. This clinical review article provides an overview of ichthyosis vulgaris epidemiology, related disorders and pathomechanisms. Not only does ichthyosis vulgaris possess a wide clinical spectrum, recent studies suggest that carriers of FLG mutations may have a generally altered risk of developing common diseases, even beyond atopic disorders. Mechanistic studies have shown increased penetration of allergens and chemicals in filaggrin-deficient skin, and epidemiological studies have found higher levels of hand eczema, irritant contact dermatitis, nickel sensitization and serum vitamin D levels. When relevant, individuals should be informed about an increased risk of developing dermatitis when repeatedly or continuously exposed to nickel or irritants. Moreover, with our current knowledge, individuals with ichthyosis vulgaris should be protected against neonatal exposure to cats to prevent atopic dermatitis and should abstain from smoking to prevent asthma. Finally, they should be advised against excessive exposure to factors that decrease skin barrier functions and increase the risk of atopic dermatitis.read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis
Colin N. A. Palmer,Alan D. Irvine,Ana Terron-Kwiatkowski,Yiwei Zhao,Haihui Liao,Simon P. Lee,David Goudie,Aileen Sandilands,Linda E. Campbell,Frances J.D. Smith,Grainne M. O'Regan,Rosemarie Watson,Jo E Cecil,Sherri J. Bale,John G. Compton,John J. DiGiovanna,John J. DiGiovanna,Philip Fleckman,Sue Lewis-Jones,Gehan Arseculeratne,Ann Sergeant,Colin S. Munro,Brahim El Houate,Ken McElreavey,Liselotte Brydensholt Halkjaer,Hans Bisgaard,Somnath Mukhopadhyay,Somnath Mukhopadhyay,W.H. Irwin McLean +28 more
TL;DR: It is shown that two independent loss-of-function genetic variants (R510X and 2282del4) in the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) are very strong predisposing factors for atopic dermatitis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cornified envelope: a model of cell death in the skin
TL;DR: New insights into the molecular mechanisms and the physiological endpoints of cornification are increasing the understanding of the pathological defects of this unique form of programmed cell death, which is associated with barrier malfunctions and ichthyosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Filaggrin Mutations Associated with Skin and Allergic Diseases
TL;DR: The biology of this molecule and the role of mutations in its altered function offer new insights into a range of conditions not previously thought to be related to one another.
Journal ArticleDOI
Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin cause ichthyosis vulgaris
Frances J.D. Smith,Alan D. Irvine,Ana Terron-Kwiatkowski,Aileen Sandilands,Linda E. Campbell,Yiwei Zhao,Haihui Liao,Alan Evans,David Goudie,Sue Lewis-Jones,Gehan Arseculeratne,Colin S. Munro,Ann Sergeant,Grainne M. O'Regan,Sherri J. Bale,John G. Compton,John J. DiGiovanna,John J. DiGiovanna,Richard B. Presland,Philip Fleckman,W.H. Irwin McLean +20 more
TL;DR: It is found that loss or reduction of this major structural protein, filaggrin, leads to varying degrees of impaired keratinization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comprehensive analysis of the gene encoding filaggrin uncovers prevalent and rare mutations in ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic eczema.
Aileen Sandilands,Ana Terron-Kwiatkowski,Peter R. Hull,Grainne M. O'Regan,Timothy H Clayton,Rosemarie Watson,Thomas Carrick,Alan Evans,Haihui Liao,Yiwei Zhao,Linda E. Campbell,Matthias Schmuth,Robert Gruber,Andreas R. Janecke,Peter M. Elias,Maurice A.M. van Steensel,Ivo F Nagtzaam,Michel van Geel,Peter M. Steijlen,Colin S. Munro,Daniel G. Bradley,Colin N. A. Palmer,Frances J.D. Smith,W.H. Irwin McLean,Alan D. Irvine,Alan D. Irvine +25 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the common filaggrin (FLG) null mutations that cause ichthyosis vulgaris and predispose to eczema and secondary allergic diseases are ancestral variants carried on conserved haplotypes, and a strategy for full sequencing of this large, highly repetitive gene is reported.
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