Identification of an Enhancer Element for the Endosperm-Specific Expression of High Molecular Weight Glutenin
Mark S. Thomas,R. B. Flavell +1 more
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TLDR
Stimulation of GUS gene expression in transgenic tobacco seeds did not occur until 9 days to 12 days after anthesis, coincident with the onset of storage protein synthesis in the developing tobacco and wheat seed, and was confined to the endosperm tissue.Abstract:
Genes encoding high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin, a wheat seed storage protein, are expressed only in the developing endosperm. It was previously demonstrated that sequences essential for endosperm-specific transcription reside within 436 base pairs upstream of the initiation codon for HMW glutenin translation. We have further analyzed this region by testing the ability of a series of truncated HMW glutenin promoter fragments to enhance transcription from an adjacent heterologous promoter. The activity of these hybrid promoters was determined by measuring the expression of a linked beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in transgenic tobacco plants. An HMW glutenin promoter fragment spanning nucleotides -375 to -45 relative to the transcription start site was found to stimulate GUS expression in tobacco seeds when inserted in either orientation upstream of the heterologous promoter. Furthermore, this fragment could also potentiate transcription when located 3' to the GUS reporter gene. Stimulation of GUS gene expression in transgenic tobacco seeds did not occur until 9 days to 12 days after anthesis, coincident with the onset of storage protein synthesis in the developing tobacco and wheat seed, and was confined to the endosperm tissue. By testing progressively shorter promoter fragments, the enhancer element responsible for this pattern of expression was localized to a 40-base pair region some 170 base pairs upstream of the start site for HMW glutenin transcription.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cereal seed storage proteins: structures, properties and role in grain utilization
Peter R. Shewry,Nigel G. Halford +1 more
TL;DR: The role of the gluten proteins of wheat in determining the quality of the grain for breadmaking and how their amount and composition can be manipulated leading to changes in dough mixing properties is discussed.
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Molecular and biochemical impacts of environmental factors on wheat grain development and protein synthesis
TL;DR: Integration of genomic and proteomic studies with developmental studies under controlled environmental conditions should make it possible to resolve complex patterns of gene expression during grain development, pinpoint key regulatory processes that are influenced by the environment, and reveal the molecular basis for environmental impacts on flour composition and quality.
Book ChapterDOI
Genetics of wheat gluten proteins.
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on gluten proteins to explain their role in determining grain-processing properties and to facilitate improvement of end use quality.
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The wheat transcriptional activator SPA: a seed-specific bZIP protein that recognizes the GCN4-like motif in the bifactorial endosperm box of prolamin genes.
Diego Albani,Michael Hammond-Kosack,Caroline Smith,R. Steven Conlan,Vincent Colot,Michael J. Holdsworth,Michael W. Bevan +6 more
TL;DR: A functional analysis of the endosperm box of a low-molecular-weight glutenin gene found on the 1D1 chromosome of hexaploid wheat in transgenic tobacco plants demonstrates the necessity of the EM and GLM forendosperm-specific gene expression and suggests the presence in tobacco of functional counterparts of wheat ESBF-I andESBF-II.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endosperm‐specific activity of a storage protein gene promoter in transgenic wheat seed
Carmela Lamacchia,Peter R. Shewry,Natale Di Fonzo,Jane L. Forsyth,N. Harris,Paul A. Lazzeri,Johnathan A. Napier,Nigel G. Halford,P. Barcelo +8 more
TL;DR: The characterization of the promoter of a wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv.
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