Identification of trypanosomes in wild animals from Southern Cameroon using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
TLDR
PCR was used to detect the different trypanosome species present in wild animal captured by hunters in the southern forest belt of Cameroon and found parasites pathogenic to man in 164 animals belonging to 24 different species including ungulates, rodents, pangolins, carnivores, reptiles and primates.Abstract:
One possible explanation of the maintenance of many historical foci of sleeping sickness in Central Africa could be the existence of a wild animal reservoir. In this study, PCR was used to detect the different trypanosome species present in wild animal captured by hunters in the southern forest belt of Cameroon (Bipindi). Trypanosomes were also detected by a parasitological method (Quantitative buffy coat: QBC). Parasite could not be isolated in culture medium (Kit for in vitro isolation: KIVI). Specific primers of T. brucei s.l., T. congolense forest type, T. congolense savannah type, T. vivax, T. simiae and T. b. gambiense group 1 were used to identify parasites in the blood of 164 animals belonging to 24 different species including ungulates, rodents, pangolins, carnivores, reptiles and primates. Of the 24 studied species, eight were carrying T. b. gambiense group 1. Those parasites pathogenic to man were found in monkeys (Cercocebus torquatus and Cercopithecus nictitans), in ungulates (Cephalophus dorsalis and C. monticola), in carnivores (Nandinia binotata and Genetta servalina) and in rodents (Cricetomys gambianus and Atherurus africanus). 13 species (54%) were carrying T. brucei s.l. identified as non-gambiense group 1.read more
Citations
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Detection of Trypanosoma brucei in Field-Captured Tsetse Flies and Identification of Host Species Fed on by the Infected Flies
Satoru Konnai,Hirohisa Mekata,Raadan Odbileg,Martin Simuunza,Mwelwa Chembensof,William H. Witola,Mwase Enala Tembo,Harrison Chitambo,Noboru Inoue,Misao Onuma,Kazuhiko Ohashi +10 more
TL;DR: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method that allowed the detection of trypanosome DNA and determination of the type of animal host fed on by the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes, using t setse-derived DNA extracts as templates would be an ideal approach not only for mass screening for infection prevalence in tsete populations, but also for the prediction of natural reservoirs in areas endemic fortrypanosomosis.
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Transcriptional Profiling of Midguts Prepared from Trypanosoma/T. congolense-Positive Glossina palpalis palpalis Collected from Two Distinct Cameroonian Foci: Coordinated Signatures of the Midguts' Remodeling As T. congolense-Supportive Niches.
Jean Marc Tsagmo Ngoune,Flobert Njiokou,Béatrice Loriod,Ginette Kame-Ngasse,Nicolas Fernandez-Nunez,Claire Rioualen,Jacques van Helden,Anne Geiger +7 more
TL;DR: This study demonstrates that data on the molecular cross-talk between the host and the parasite (as well as the always present fly microbiome) recorded from an experimental biological model has a counterpart in field flies, which in turn validates the use of experimental host/parasite couples.
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A new transmission risk index for human African trypanosomiasis and its application in the identification of sites of high transmission of sleeping sickness in the Fontem focus of southwest Cameroon
Guy Roger Njitchouang,Flobert Njiokou,Hugues C. Nana-Djeunga,Tazoacha Asonganyi,P. Fewou-Moundipa,Gérard Cuny,Gustave Simo +6 more
TL;DR: At the end of the rainy season, catches were low and similar between biotopes distant from and close to pigsties, but the risk for transmission was greatest at sites distant from the sties, suggesting that the presence of pigs reduced the risk to humans.
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Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Adaptation to Different Mammalian Sera Is Associated with VSG Expression Site Plasticity
Carlos Cordon-Obras,Jorge Cano,Dolores González-Pacanowska,Agustín Benito,Miguel Navarro,Jean-Mathieu Bart +5 more
TL;DR: A model whereby VSG-ES remodelling allows the parasite to express a specific set of ESAGs to provide selective advantages in different hosts is suggested, supporting previous epidemiological results.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitive detection of trypanosomes in tsetse flies by DNA amplification.
TL;DR: The methodology should be suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies and was sensitive and specific, detecting one trypanosome unequivocally and showing no reaction with non-target trypanOSome DNA or a huge excess of host DNA.
Journal Article
Epidemiological studies on the animal reservoir of Gambiense sleeping sickness. Part III. Characterization of trypanozoon stocks by isoenzymes and sensitivity to human serum.
TL;DR: A group of closely related minor zymodemes constituted another trypanosome population ineffective to man in West Africa which had a variable sensitivity to normal human serum and had been previously associated with chronic gambiense sleeping sickness.
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The identification of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Liberian pigs and dogs by isoenzymes and by resistance to human plasma.
TL;DR: Two stocks from pigs were found both to be resistant to human plasma and to have an isoenzyme marker, a slow alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) pattern, previously found only in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense from man, constitutes evidence that the pig is a reservoir of human trypanosomiasis in West Africa.
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Will the real Trypanosoma b. gambiense please stand up.
TL;DR: Wendy Gibson reviews the status of T. b.
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The isolation of Trypanosoma rhodesiense from a bushbuck.
TL;DR: If the possibility of a bleeding state after incompatible transfusion had been known, the second laparotomy would probably not have been carried out, and appropriate treatment might have been started earlier, as the patient had developed abnormal bleeding before the dextran was given.