Journal ArticleDOI
Image formation in the electron microscope. I. The application of transfer theory to a consideration of elastic electron scattering
TLDR
In this paper, the application of transfer theory to image formation in the electron microscope is discussed and the equivalence of the transfer theory and the diffraction integral formulation of image formation is established for a coherent monochromatic incident electron beam, and for elastic electron scattering.Abstract:
The application of transfer theory to image formation in the electron microscope is discussed. The equivalence of the transfer theory and the diffraction integral formulation of image formation is established for a coherent monochromatic incident electron beam, and for elastic electron scattering. The transfer theory is extended to include partially coherent and nonmonochromatic radiation. The use of the results of the transfer theory leads to the diffraction integral formulation, which includes the effects of chromatic aberration (thermal energy effect) and the coherence of the incident electron beam. The modification to a criterion for optimum contrast in the final image when chromatic aberration is taken into account is discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal Article
On the diffraction theory of optical images
TL;DR: The theory of image formation is formulated in terms of the coherence function in the object plane, the diffraction distribution function of the image-forming system and a function describing the structure of the object.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electron tomography: a short overview with an emphasis on the absorption potential model for the forward problem
Duccio Fanelli,Ozan Öktem +1 more
TL;DR: A review of the development and current status of electron tomography dealing mainly with the mathematical and algorithmic aspects is given in this paper, where the authors focus on the difficulties that cause the reconstruction problem to be quite challenging.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origin of the fringe structure observed in high resolution bright-field electron micrographs of amorphous materials
TL;DR: In this article, the lattice-like fringes observed in high resolution tilted beam bright-field images of amorphous Ge and carbon films are investigated by developing the transfer theory of the electron microscope.
Book ChapterDOI
Image Formation in the Electron Microscope with Particular Reference to the Defects in Electron-Optical Images
TL;DR: In this paper, the angular and energy characteristics of the transmitted electron beam are important in the determination of the effects of phase shifts introduced by the spherical aberration and the chromatic aberration of the objective lens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of contrast and image formation of biological specimens in the transmission electron microscope
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic account of electron scattering and image formation for amorphous and paracrystalline (especially biological) material is given, where contrast mechanisms in both elastic and inelastic scattering are discussed, under both scattering contrast and phase contrast conditions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Theoretical Resolution Limit of the Electron Microscope
TL;DR: The resolving power of the electron microscope and the contrast in the image are calculated for different conditions of focusing, illumination and aperture as mentioned in this paper, which can change the limit of resolution by a factor of about 3.
Journal Article
On the diffraction theory of optical images
TL;DR: The theory of image formation is formulated in terms of the coherence function in the object plane, the diffraction distribution function of the image-forming system and a function describing the structure of the object.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the Diffraction Theory of Optical Images
TL;DR: The theory of image formation is formulated in terms of the coherence function in the object plane, the diffraction distribution function of the image-forming system and a function describing the structure of the object.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Frequency Response of a Defocused Optical System
TL;DR: In this paper, the response of a defocused aberration-free optical system to line-frequencies in the object is studied analytically, and curves are given showing the response as a function of line-frequency for a range of values of defect of focus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Complex lattice potentials in electron diffraction calculated for a number of crystals
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure potentials, Vg, and absorption potentials for 100 keV-electrons are given in tabulated form for almost all monatomic crystals with elements Z = 3 to 90 and for a number of crystals of the rock-salt type.