Importance of the cytoplasmic super-oxide dismutase in the normal tissue of the endometrium and the endometrium carcinoma.
01 Jan 2011-Medicinski arhiv (Academy of Medical Sciences in Bosnia and Herzegovina)-Vol. 65, Iss: 4, pp 243-245
TL;DR: According to the facts, the significance of the activity of the enzymes of the anti-oxidative system in the diagnostic of the hyperplasia and endometrium carcinoma can be seen as well as the possibility of their application in the clinical practice.
Abstract: Objectives: The objective of the study is comparing pathohistological picture and test results of the activity of the enzymes of the anti-oxidative protection –cytoplasmic super-oxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) from the blood and endometrium in the promotion of the progression or regression of the hyperplasia and endometrium carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The study has been carried out on 70 patients. We have analysed:The age patients, the supersonic test – transvaginal probe, pathohistological diagnosis (PHD) analysis of the curet of the patient–we have gathered the tissue of the normal and the pathologicaly changed endometrium from the exploratory curretage, determining the CuZnSOD in the blood and in the tissue of the normal and pathological endometrium of the uterus. The Group A has been made out of 30 of them who did not have the irregular bleeding from the uterus, and 40 of them represented the Group B with the irregular bleeding, who also had PHD confirmed hyperplasia or malign changes of the endometrium. We have tested if there has been the pathalogical changes in the small pelvis(the ovary tumor, myoma etc.) in both groups. Results: Dominant age in the Group B is 41 – 50 (55%), in Group A, age difference is not that apparent (p>0.05).The results of the arithmetic mean of the CuZnSOD in the blood (19.90%) and (29.05%) in the endometrium which is lower than the Group A (blood-29.95%, endometrium-32.56%). Lower values CuZnSOD in the blood(18,9%) and endometrium (30,09%) we have in the experimental group patients who have had bleeding as well as those beside bleeding had some other gynecological – patological proces (myoma, cyst on the ovary etc.) Conclusions: According to the facts we can see the significance of the activity of the enzymes of the anti – oxidative system in the diagnostic of the hyperplasia and endometrium carcinoma as well as the possibility of their application in the clinical practice.
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TL;DR: The demonstration that O2·- can reduce ferricytochrome c and tetranitromethane, and that superoxide dismutase, by competing for the superoxide radicals, can markedly inhibit these reactions, is demonstrated.
Abstract: An enzyme which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2·- + O2·- + 2H+ → O2 + H2O2) has been purified by a simple procedure from bovine erythrocytes. This enzyme, called superoxide dismutase, contains 2 eq of copper per mole of enzyme. The copper may be reversibly removed, and it is required for activity. Superoxide dismutase has been shown to be identical with the previously described copper-containing erythrocuprein (human) and hemocuprein (bovine). Stable solutions of the superoxide radical were generated by the electrolytic reduction of O2 in an aprotic solvent, dimethylformamide. Slow infusion of such solutions into buffered aqueous media permitted the demonstration that O2·- can reduce ferricytochrome c and tetranitromethane, and that superoxide dismutase, by competing for the superoxide radicals, can markedly inhibit these reactions. Superoxide dismutase was used to show that the oxidation of epinephrine to adrenochrome by milk xanthine oxidase is mediated by the superoxide radical. An assay of several tissues indicates that superoxide dismutase is widely distributed within mammalian organisms.
12,468 citations
"Importance of the cytoplasmic super..." refers background in this paper
...(1), indicate that SOD are metalloproteins with Cu, Zn, Mn or Fe in the active centre....
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TL;DR: It is proposed that the autoxidation of epinephrine proceeds by at least two distinct pathways, only one of which is a free radical chain reaction involving O2- and hence inhibitable by superoxide dismutase.
Abstract: The rate of autoxidation of epinephrine and the sensitivity of this autoxidation to inhibition by superoxide dismutase were both augmented, as the pH was raised from 7.8 → 10.2. O2-, generated by the xanthine oxidase reaction, caused the oxidation of epinephrine to adrenochrome and the yield of adrenochrome produced per O2- introduced, increased with increasing pH in the range 7.8 → 10.2 and also increased with increasing concentration of epinephrine. These results, in conjunction with complexities in the kinetics of adrenochrome accumulation, lead to the proposal that the autoxidation of epinephrine proceeds by at least two distinct pathways, only one of which is a free radical chain reaction involving O2- and hence inhibitable by superoxide dismutase. This chain reaction accounted for a progressively greater fraction of the total oxidation as the pH was raised. The ability of superoxide dismutase to inhibit the autoxidation of epinephrine at pH 10.2 has been used as the basis of a convenient and sensitive assay for this enzyme.
7,872 citations
"Importance of the cytoplasmic super..." refers methods in this paper
...Mc Cord and Fridovich 1969....
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...The testings were carried out using the methods given from Misra and Fridovich (6, 7)....
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TL;DR: These low molecular mass antioxidant molecules add significantly to the defense provided by the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidases, which are termed ‘oxidative stress’.
Abstract: An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants, potentially leading to damage, is termed 'oxidative stress'. Oxidants are formed as a normal product of aerobic metabolism but can be produced at elevated rates under pathophysiological conditions. Antioxidant defense involves several strategies, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic. In the lipid phase, tocopherols and carotenes as well as oxy-carotenoids are of interest, as are vitamin A and ubiquinols. In the aqueous phase, there are ascorbate, glutathione and other compounds. In addition to the cytosol, the nuclear and mitochondrial matrices and extracellular fluids are protected. Overall, these low molecular mass antioxidant molecules add significantly to the defense provided by the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidases.
4,485 citations
"Importance of the cytoplasmic super..." refers background in this paper
...When the inefficient functioning of the anti – oxidative system in the protection from the free radicals appears, it will lead to the overcoming of the capacities of the anti – oxidants which will cause the condition known as the oxidative stress (3)....
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TL;DR: Since phagocytizing polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce superoxide radicals, this reac-tion is sutggested and shown to be quantitatively feasible as the ini vivo mechanism of synovial fluid degradation in anl inflamed joint.
Abstract: Enzymatically genierated superoxide radical. by reactitng with hydrogen peroxide to prduce the hydroxyl radical, depolymerized puirified hyaluronic acid and bovine synovial flulid. Since phagocytizing polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce superoxide radicals, this reac-tion is sutggested and shown to be quantitatively feasible as the ini vivo mechanism of synovial fluid degradation in anl inflamed joint. Superoxide dismutase, and catalase protect synaovial fluid against such degradation in vitro.
1,060 citations