Journal ArticleDOI
Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training
TLDR
Increases in explosive muscle strength (contractile RFD and impulse) were observed after heavy-resistance strength training, which could be explained by an enhanced neural drive, as evidenced by marked increases in EMG signal amplitude and rate of EMG rise in the early phase of muscle contraction.Abstract:
The maximal rate of rise in muscle force [rate of force development (RFD)] has important functional consequences as it determines the force that can be generated in the early phase of muscle contraction (0-200 ms). The present study examined the effect of resistance training on contractile RFD and efferent motor outflow ("neural drive") during maximal muscle contraction. Contractile RFD (slope of force-time curve), impulse (time-integrated force), electromyography (EMG) signal amplitude (mean average voltage), and rate of EMG rise (slope of EMG-time curve) were determined (1-kHz sampling rate) during maximal isometric muscle contraction (quadriceps femoris) in 15 male subjects before and after 14 wk of heavy-resistance strength training (38 sessions). Maximal isometric muscle strength [maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] increased from 291.1 +/- 9.8 to 339.0 +/- 10.2 N. m after training. Contractile RFD determined within time intervals of 30, 50, 100, and 200 ms relative to onset of contraction increased from 1,601 +/- 117 to 2,020 +/- 119 (P < 0.05), 1,802 +/- 121 to 2,201 +/- 106 (P < 0.01), 1,543 +/- 83 to 1,806 +/- 69 (P < 0.01), and 1,141 +/- 45 to 1,363 +/- 44 N. m. s(-1) (P < 0.01), respectively. Corresponding increases were observed in contractile impulse (P < 0.01-0.05). When normalized relative to MVC, contractile RFD increased 15% after training (at zero to one-sixth MVC; P < 0.05). Furthermore, muscle EMG increased (P < 0.01-0.05) 22-143% (mean average voltage) and 41-106% (rate of EMG rise) in the early contraction phase (0-200 ms). In conclusion, increases in explosive muscle strength (contractile RFD and impulse) were observed after heavy-resistance strength training. These findings could be explained by an enhanced neural drive, as evidenced by marked increases in EMG signal amplitude and rate of EMG rise in the early phase of muscle contraction.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The adaptations to strength training : morphological and neurological contributions to increased strength.
TL;DR: The gains in strength with HRST are undoubtedly due to a wide combination of neurological and morphological factors, although there is contrary evidence suggesting no change in cortical or corticospinal excitability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations
Nicola A. Maffiuletti,Per Aagaard,Anthony J. Blazevich,Jonathan J. Folland,Neale N. Tillin,Jacques Duchateau +5 more
TL;DR: Evidence-based practical recommendations are provided for rational quantification of rate of force development in both laboratory and clinical settings and various methodological considerations inherent to its evaluation are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural adaptations to resistive exercise: mechanisms and recommendations for training practices.
TL;DR: The last line of evidence presented involves the notion that unilateral resistive exercise of a specific limb will also result in training effects in the unexercised contralateral limb (cross-transfer or cross-education).
Journal ArticleDOI
The Importance of Muscular Strength in Athletic Performance
TL;DR: It appears that there may be no substitute for greater muscular strength when it comes to improving an individual’s performance across a wide range of both general and sport specific skills while simultaneously reducing their risk of injury when performing these skills.
Journal ArticleDOI
Developing maximal neuromuscular power: part 2 - training considerations for improving maximal power production.
TL;DR: This series of reviews focuses on the most important neuromuscular function in many sport performances, the ability to generate maximal muscular power, and the factors that affect maximal power production.
References
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Book
Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement
TL;DR: The Fourth Edition of Biomechanics as an Interdiscipline: A Review of the Fourth Edition focuses on biomechanical Electromyography, with a focus on the relationship between Electromyogram and Biomechinical Variables.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Use of Surface Electromyography in Biomechanics
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the various uses of surface electromyography in the field of biomechanics, including those involving the activation timing of muscles, the force/EMG signal relationship, and the use of the EMG signal as a fatigue index.
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Muscles alive, their functions revealed by electromyography
TL;DR: The first logical deduction of muscle-generated electricity was first documented by Italian Francesco Redi in 1666 as discussed by the authors, who suspected that thenshock of the electric ray fish was muscular in origin and wrote, lIt appeared to me as if the painful action was located innthese two sickle-shaped bodies, or muscles, more than any other part of the body.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in agonist-antagonist EMG, muscle CSA, and force during strength training in middle-aged and older people
Keijo Häkkinen,Mauri Kallinen,Mikel Izquierdo,Kirsi Jokelainen,Helka Lassila,Esko Mälkiä,William J. Kraemer,Robert U. Newton,Markku Alen +8 more
TL;DR: Great training-induced gains in maximal and explosive strength in both middle-aged and elderly subjects were accompanied by large increases in the voluntary activation of the agonists, with significant reductions in the antagonist coactivation in the elderly subjects.
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