Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of intraguild predation among generalist insect predators on the suppression of an herbivore population.
TLDR
It is concluded that intraguild predation in this system is wide-spread and has potentially important influences on the population dynamics of a key herbivore.Abstract:
We evaluated the influence of intraguild predation among generalist insect predators on the suppression of an herbivore, the aphid Aphis gossypii, to test the appropriateness of the simple three trophic level model proposed by Hairston, Smith, and Slobodkin (1960). We manipulated components of the predator community, including three hemipteran predators and larvae of the predatory green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea, in field enclosure/exclosure experiments to address four questions: (1) Do generalist hemipteran predators feed on C. carnea? (2) Does intraguild predation (IGP) represent a substantial source of mortality for C. carnea? (3) Do predator species act in an independent, additive manner, or do significant interactions occur? (4) Can the experimental addition of some predators result in increased densities of aphids through a trophic cascade effect? Direct observations of predation in the field demonstrated that several generalist predators consume C. carnea and other carnivorous arthropods. Severely reduced survivorship of lacewing larvae in the presence of other predators showed that IGP was a major source of mortality. Decreased survival of lacewing larvae was primarily a result of predation rather than competition. IGP created significant interactions between the influences of lacewings and either Zelus renardii or Nabis predators on aphid population suppression. Despite the fact that the trophic web was too complex to delineate distinct trophic levels within the predatory arthropod community, some trophic links were sufficiently strong to produce cascades from higher-order carnivores to the level of herbivore population dynamics: experimental addition of either Z. renardii or Nabis predators generated sufficient lacewing larval mortality in one experiment to release aphid populations from regulation by lacewing predators. We conclude that intraguild predation in this system is wide-spread and has potentially important influences on the population dynamics of a key herbivore.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity – ecosystem service management
TL;DR: In this article, the negative and positive effects of agricultural land use for the conservation of biodiversity, and its relation to ecosystem services, need a landscape perspective, which is difficult to be found in the literature.
REVIEWS AND SYNTHESES Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity - ecosystem service management
TL;DR: In this article, the negative and positive effects of agricultural land use for the conservation of biodiversity, and its relation to ecosystem services, need a landscape perspective, which may compensate for local highintensity management.
Journal ArticleDOI
Food Web Complexity and Community Dynamics
Gary A. Polis,Donald R. Strong +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that trophic cascades and top-down community regulation as envisioned by trophIC-level theories are relatively uncommon in nature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents
TL;DR: A review of manipulative field studies showed that in approximately 75% of cases, generalist predators, whether single species or species assemblages, reduced pest numbers significantly and needed to find ways of disentangling the factors influencing positive and negative interactions within natural enemy communities in order to optimize beneficial synergies leading to pest control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emergent impacts of multiple predators on prey
TL;DR: Two main types of emergent effect-risk reduction caused by predator-predator interactions and risk enhancement caused by conflicting prey responses to multiple predators are suggested.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Community Structure, Population Control, and Competition
TL;DR: Populations of producers, carnivores, and decomposers are limited by their respective resources in the classical density-dependent fashion and interspecific competition must necessarily exist among the members of each of these three trophic levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cascading Trophic Interactions and Lake Productivity
Journal ArticleDOI
THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION: Potential Competitors That Eat Each Other
TL;DR: The purpose is to document the ubiquity and importance of intraguild predation and to establish a theoretical framework for its analysis, which is the first synthesis of IGP into a general work.
Journal ArticleDOI
Community regulation: variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress and recruitment
TL;DR: It is suggested that physical disturbance is distinct from predation (considered equivalent to, but distinct from, biological disturbance) and diversity is low in harsh environments because of the intolerance of all but opportunistic and highly resistant species to such conditions.
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