Open Access
Influence of irradiation spectrum and implanted ions on the amorphization of ceramics
TLDR
In this article, the amorphization of polycrystalline Al2O3, magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4), MgO, Si3N4, and SiC were irradiated with various ions at 200-450 K and microstructures were examined following irradiation using cross-section TEM.Abstract:
Polycrystalline Al2O3, magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4), MgO, Si3N4, and SiC were irradiated with various ions at 200-450 K, and microstructures were examined following irradiation using cross-section TEM. Amorphization was not observed in any of the irradiated oxide ceramics, despsite damage energy densities up to {similar_to}7 keV/atom (70 displacements per atom). On the other hand, SiC readily amorphized after damage levels of {similar_to}0.4 dpa at room temperature (RT). Si3N4 exhibited intermediate behavior; irradiation with Fe{sup 2+} ions at RT produced amorphization in the implanted ion region after damage levels of {similar_to}1 dpa. However, irradiated regions outside the implanted ion region did not amorphize even after damage levels > 5 dpa. The amorphous layer in the Fe-implanted region of Si3N4 did not appear if the specimen was simultaneoulsy irradiated with 1-MeV He{sup +} ions at RT. By comparison with published results, it is concluded that the implantation of certain chemical species has a pronounced effect on the amorphization threshold dose of all five materials. Intense ionizing radiation inhibits amorphization in Si3N4, but does not appear to significantly influence the amorphization of SiC.read more
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Radiation effects in crystalline ceramics for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium
William J. Weber,Rodney C. Ewing,C. R. A. Catlow,T. Diaz de la Rubia,Linn W. Hobbs,C. Kinoshita,Hj. Matzke,Arthur T. Motta,Michael Nastasi,Ekhard K. H. Salje,Eric R. Vance,Steven J. Zinkle +11 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of radiation effects in crystalline ceramics that may be used for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium is provided in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Designing Radiation Resistance in Materials for Fusion Energy
TL;DR: In this article, three fundamental options for designing radiation resistance are outlined: Utilize matrix phases with inherent radiation tolerance, select materials in which vacancies are immobile at the design operating temperatures, or engineer materials with high sink densities for point defect recombination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Defect-interface interactions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the present understanding of defect-interface interactions in single-phase and two-phase metal and oxide nanocomposites, emphasizing how interface structure affects interactions with point, line, and planar defects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Defect production in ceramics
TL;DR: In this paper, a review is given of several important defect production and accumulation parameters for irradiated ceramics including alumina, magnesia, spinel, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride and diamond.
Journal ArticleDOI
Primary radiation damage: A review of current understanding and models
Kai Nordlund,Steven J. Zinkle,Steven J. Zinkle,A. E. Sand,F. Granberg,Robert S Averback,R. E. Stoller,Tomoaki Suzudo,Lorenzo Malerba,Florian Banhart,William J. Weber,William J. Weber,Francois Willaime,Sergei L. Dudarev,David Simeone +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the extensive experimental and computer simulation studies that have been performed over the past several decades on what the nature of the primary damage is, and provide alternatives to the current international standard for quantifying this energetic particle damage, the Norgett-Robinson-Torrens displacements per atom (NRT-dpa) model for metals.
References
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Book
The stopping and range of ions in solids
J.P. Biersack,James F. Ziegler +1 more
TL;DR: A review of existing widely-cited tables of ion stopping and ranges can be found in this paper, where a brief exposition of what can be determined by modern calculations is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
A proposed method of calculating displacement dose rates
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple procedure is proposed for calculating the number of atomic displacements produced in a damage cascade by a primary knock-on atom of known energy, which is in close accord with recent computer simulations of radiation damage phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiation effects in crystalline ceramics for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium
William J. Weber,Rodney C. Ewing,C. R. A. Catlow,T. Diaz de la Rubia,Linn W. Hobbs,C. Kinoshita,Hj. Matzke,Arthur T. Motta,Michael Nastasi,Ekhard K. H. Salje,Eric R. Vance,Steven J. Zinkle +11 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of radiation effects in crystalline ceramics that may be used for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium is provided in this article.
stopping and range of ions in solids
Abstract: The stopping and range of ions in matter is physically very complex, and there are few simple approximations which are accurate. However, if modern calculations are performed, the ion distributions can be calculated with good accuracy, typically better than 10%. This review will be in several sections:
a)
A brief exposition of what can be determined by modern calculations.
b)
A review of existing widely-cited tables of ion stopping and ranges.
c)
A review of the calculation of accurate ion stopping powers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Designing Radiation Resistance in Materials for Fusion Energy
TL;DR: In this article, three fundamental options for designing radiation resistance are outlined: Utilize matrix phases with inherent radiation tolerance, select materials in which vacancies are immobile at the design operating temperatures, or engineer materials with high sink densities for point defect recombination.