Journal ArticleDOI
Insect resistance to Bt crops: evidence versus theory
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Analysis of more than a decade of global monitoring data reveals that the frequency of resistance alleles has increased substantially in some field populations of Helicoverpa zea, but not in five other major pests in Australia, China, Spain and the United States.Abstract:
Evolution of insect resistance threatens the continued success of transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins that kill pests. The approach used most widely to delay insect resistance to Bt crops is the refuge strategy, which requires refuges of host plants without Bt toxins near Bt crops to promote survival of susceptible pests. However, large-scale tests of the refuge strategy have been problematic. Analysis of more than a decade of global monitoring data reveals that the frequency of resistance alleles has increased substantially in some field populations of Helicoverpa zea, but not in five other major pests in Australia, China, Spain and the United States. The resistance of H. zea to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in transgenic cotton has not caused widespread crop failures, in part because other tactics augment control of this pest. The field outcomes documented with monitoring data are consistent with the theory underlying the refuge strategy, suggesting that refuges have helped to delay resistance.read more
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Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Back to the future.
Lawrence A. Lacey,David Grzywacz,David I. Shapiro-Ilan,Roger Frutos,M. Brownbridge,Mark S. Goettel +5 more
TL;DR: Current information on development, use and future directions of insect-specific viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes as components of integrated pest management strategies for control of arthropod pests of crops, forests, urban habitats, and insects of medical and veterinary importance is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacillus thuringiensis: A story of a successful bioinsecticide
TL;DR: Recently, similar Cry-binding proteins have been identified in the three insect orders, as cadherin, aminopeptidase-N and alkaline phosphatase suggesting a conserved mode of action, suggesting a significant reduction in chemical insecticide use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insect resistance to Bt crops: lessons from the first billion acres
TL;DR: Field outcomes support theoretical predictions that factors delaying resistance include recessive inheritance of resistance, low initial frequency of resistance alleles, abundant refuges of non-Bt host plants and two-toxin Bt crops deployed separately from one-t toxin BT crops.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suppression of Cotton Bollworm in Multiple Crops in China in Areas with Bt Toxin-Containing Cotton
TL;DR: Analysis of the population dynamics of H. armigera from 1992 to 2007 in China indicated that a marked decrease in regional outbreaks of this pest in multiple crops was associated with the planting of Bt cotton, which may reduce its presence on other host crops and the need for insecticide sprays in general.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Control of coleopteran insect pests through RNA interference
James A. Baum,Thierry Bogaert,William P. Clinton,Gregory R. Heck,Pascale Feldmann,Oliver Ilagan,Scott N. Johnson,Geert Plaetinck,Tichafa R. I. Munyikwa,Michael Pleau,Ty T. Vaughn,James K. Roberts +11 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ingestion of double-stranded (ds)RNAs supplied in an artificial diet triggers RNA interference in several coleopteran species, most notably the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifiera LeConte, suggesting that the RNAi pathway can be exploited to control insect pests via in planta expression of a dsRNA.
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Sustainability of Transgenic Insecticidal Cultivars: Integrating Pest Genetics and Ecology
TL;DR: Theoretical and practical issues involved in implementing strategies to delay pest adaptation to insecticidal cultivars are reviewed and emphasis is placed on examining the "high dose"/refuge strategy that has become the goal of industry and regulatory authorities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silencing a cotton bollworm P450 monooxygenase gene by plant-mediated RNAi impairs larval tolerance of gossypol
Ying-Bo Mao,Wen-Juan Cai,Jiawei Wang,Gao-Jie Hong,Xiaoyuan Tao,Ling-Jian Wang,Yongping Huang,Xiao-Ya Chen +7 more
TL;DR: A cytochrome P450 gene (CYP6AE14) is identified from cotton bollworm, which permits this herbivore to tolerate otherwise inhibitory concentrations of the cotton metabolite, gossypol, and its expression correlates with larval growth when gOSSypol is included in the diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of Resistance to Bacillus Thuringiensis
TL;DR: Insecticides derived from the common soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are becoming increasingly important for pest management as discussed by the authors, as mounting concerns about environmental hazards and widespread resistance in pest populations are reducing the value of conventional synthetic insecticides.