Journal ArticleDOI
Interfacial turbulence: Hydrodynamic instability and the marangoni effect
C.V. Sternling,L. E. Scriven +1 more
TLDR
In this article, a simplified mathematical model has been analyzed in order to detail the mechanism of the "interfacial engine" which supplies the mechanical energy of interfacial turbulence, which is a manifestation of hydrodynamic instability, touched off by ever present, small, random fluctuations about the interface.Abstract:
The origin of interfacial turbulence, spontaneous agitation of the interface between two unequilibrated liquids, has been explained in terms of classical flow, diffusion, and surface processes. The essence of the explanation is the long-known though much neglected Marangoni effect, wherein movement in an interface is caused by longitudinal variations of interfacial tension. It is proposed that interfacial turbulence is a manifestation of hydrodynamic instability, which is touched off by ever present, small, random fluctuations about the interface.
A simplified mathematical model has been analyzed in order to detail the mechanism of the “interfacial engine” which supplies the mechanical energy of interfacial turbulence. In its present form the analysis incorporates several drastic simplifications, though ways of removing some of these have been suggested. The groundwork has been laid for the more elaborate analyses that are needed for a decisive test of the theory.
The analysis shows how some systems may be stable with solute transfer in one direction yet unstable with transfer in the opposite direction, a striking result. It also suggests that interfacial turbulence is usually promoted by (1) solute transfer out of the phase of higher viscosity, (2) solute transfer out of the phase in which its diffusivity is lower, (3) large differences in kinematic viscosity and solute diffusivity between the two phases, (4) steep concentration gradients near the interface, (5) interfacial tension highly sensitive to solute concentration, (6) low viscosities and diffusivities in both phases, (7) absence of surface-active agents, and (8) interfaces of large extent.
That some of these effects have been observed in the laboratory lends credence to the theory.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of chemical reaction on the breakup of liquid jets
Neal K. Nelson,John C. Berg +1 more
TL;DR: Linear stability analysis predicts that a chemical reaction occurring at or near a liquid jet interface may strongly influence its breakup into droplets as discussed by the authors, and experiments with silicone oil jets in water (containing a range of concentrations of sodium hydroxide) confirm qualitatively the principal predictions of the analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emulsification at the Liquid/Liquid Interface: Effects of Potential, Electrolytes and Surfactants
Mehrin Chowdhury,Ritu Kataky +1 more
TL;DR: The chaotic behaviour of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate at the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface is applied to commercial surfactants and aqueous/glyceryl trioleate interface and is found to be dependent on the surfactant concentration and the electrolytes present.
Journal ArticleDOI
The rates of desulfurization of liquid iron by solid CaO and CaO-saturated liquid iron oxide at 1600‡c
A. Saelim,D. R. Gaskell +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the desulfurization rate of Fe-O-S melts by CaO crucibles and by a CaO-saturated liquid iron oxide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mass transfer across liquid-liquid interfaces
Inger Nahringbauer,Bo Larsson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, an automatic apparatus for studying the rate constants for the transport of a drug between immiscible solvents is described, and the whole system is on-line with a computer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Passive enhancement of ammonia-water absorption by the addition of surfactants
Girish Kini,Srinivas Garimella +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a heat and mass transfer model is developed to predict the performance of a falling-film absorber due to the addition of surfactants at conditions representative of an absorption heat pump.
Related Papers (5)
On cellular convection driven by surface-tension gradients: effects of mean surface tension and surface viscosity
L. E. Scriven,C. V. Sternling +1 more