International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) Recommended Guidelines for Histological Endpoints for Cartilage Repair Studies in Animal Models and Clinical Trials
Caroline D. Hoemann,Rita A. Kandel,Sally Roberts,Daniel B.F. Saris,Laura B. Creemers,Pierre Mainil-Varlet,Stéphane Méthot,Anthony P. Hollander,Michael D. Buschmann +8 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors proposed guidelines for standardized histoprocessing and unbiased evaluation of animal tissues and human biopsies, which could improve statistical analyses, help interpret and validate noninvasive imaging outcomes, and permit cross-comparison between studies.Abstract:
Cartilage repair strategies aim to resurface a lesion with osteochondral tissue resembling native cartilage, but a variety of repair tissues are usually observed. Histology is an important structural outcome that could serve as an interim measure of efficacy in randomized controlled clinical studies. The purpose of this article is to propose guidelines for standardized histoprocessing and unbiased evaluation of animal tissues and human biopsies. Methods were compiled from a literature review, and illustrative data were added. In animal models, treatments are usually administered to acute defects created in healthy tissues, and the entire joint can be analyzed at multiple postoperative time points. In human clinical therapy, treatments are applied to developed lesions, and biopsies are obtained, usually from a subset of patients, at a specific time point. In striving to standardize evaluation of structural endpoints in cartilage repair studies, 5 variables should be controlled: 1) location of biopsy/sample section, 2) timing of biopsy/sample recovery, 3) histoprocessing, 4) staining, and 5) blinded evaluation with a proper control group. Histological scores, quantitative histomorphometry of repair tissue thickness, percentage of tissue staining for collagens and glycosaminoglycan, polarized light microscopy for collagen fibril organization, and subchondral bone integration/structure are all relevant outcome measures that can be collected and used to assess the efficacy of novel therapeutics. Standardized histology methods could improve statistical analyses, help interpret and validate noninvasive imaging outcomes, and permit cross-comparison between studies. Currently, there are no suitable substitutes for histology in evaluating repair tissue quality and cartilaginous character.read more
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Comparative evaluation of MSCs from bone marrow and adipose tissue seeded in PRP-derived scaffold for cartilage regeneration
Xuetao Xie,Yang Wang,Cunju Zhao,Shang-Chun Guo,Shen Liu,Weitao Jia,Rocky S. Tuan,Changqing Zhang +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that PRP is a candidate bioactive scaffold capable of releasing endogenous growth factors and that BMSC and ADSC seeded within the PRP scaffold differentiate into chondrocytes and may be suitable for cell-based cartilage repair.
Effects of calcified cartilage on healing of chondral defects treated with microfracture in horses
TL;DR: Close arthroscopic visualization is recommended for debridement of clinical lesions to ensure removal of the calcified cartilage layer, which appears to provide optimal amount and attachment of repair tissue.
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Animal Models for Evaluation of Bone Implants and Devices: Comparative Bone Structure and Common Model Uses.
TL;DR: Characteristics of the most commonly used species in studies of bone implant materials are summarized, including detailed information about the relevance of a particular model to human bone physiology and pathology, to aid in rigorously evaluating a novel bone implant material or device.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cartilage-bone interface.
Caroline D. Hoemann,Charles-Hubert Lafantaisie-Favreau,V. Lascau-Coman,Gaoping Chen,Jessica Guzmán-Morales +4 more
TL;DR: Cartilage repair strategies that elicit fibrocartilage, a mixture of collagen type I and type II, are predicted to show little tidemark/calcified cartilage regeneration and to develop a less stable repair tissue-bone interface.
Journal ArticleDOI
The benefits and limitations of animal models for translational research in cartilage repair
Conor J. Moran,Conor J. Moran,Ashwanth Ramesh,Ashwanth Ramesh,Pieter A.J. Brama,John M. O'Byrne,John M. O'Byrne,Fergal J. O'Brien,Fergal J. O'Brien,Tanya J. Levingstone,Tanya J. Levingstone +10 more
TL;DR: This review examines the in vivo models in current use for cartilage defect repair testing and the relevance of each in the context of generated results and applicability to bringing the device to clinical practice.
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